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bureaucracym de gournay an economist of france first coined the word bureaucracy in the eighteenth century to refer to a fourth or fifth form of
future directionsit is often said that the difficult things are the beautiful things and if they are as vital for healthy national development as
black economy public policy interfacethe above mode of functioning and expansion of the black economy became an important basis for policy
black or underground or illegal economyblack or underground or illegal economy has to be conceptualised as an integral and growing part of a
parallel economywhat is in popular parlance known as black money and is misleadingly called the parallel economy as it operates very much with and
lack of integration in policy formulation and policy implementationa common thread uniting these diverse diagnoses and prescriptions can
factors responsible for policy failuresit is the subject of many official and academic studies to try and find out the reasons for the inability
tax policy implementation take eg the case of tax policy it attempted to raise resources by a combination of direct and indirect taxes to
implications of failures of policy implementationgiven the phenomenon of policy failures as indicated above one often comes across the view that
growth of employment opportunitiespolicy failure refers to situations i when the objectives of public policy are attained partially or
implementation of economic policiesinnumerable studies are available to document these failures of policy and planning however there are vast
proportion of workers in organised and unorganised workersincreasing share of employment in unorganised sector reflect the deterioration in the
quality of employment productivity of employment in a poor country like india being employed does not by itself necessarily ensure a decent
growth of employment opportunitiesseveral disquieting features are observed in the indian labour market over the past two decades particularly
female-headed householdsthe high incidence of unemployment among the educated in general and women in a particular reflects that the pace of
dimensions of unemploymentwhat is the level of unemployment in the country according to the 1999-2000 survey of nsso the number of unemployed has
current daily statuscdsthe reference periods ie a year a week and a day are basically used to describe the period for which the workers are
enumeration of workersnow let us discuss about the sources of data in india on workers in india two main organisations which generate and compile
demographic features in developmentwe have learned in the previous unit that human resources play a significant role in generating aggregate flow
demographic profilea demographic profile of india can be prepared out of the data collected by the office of the registrar general of india who is
limitations of the services sectorthe services sector in india as at present suffers from low productivity and low quality in spite of fairly
policy implicationsthe expansion of the services sector has wider implications for population employment and trade prospects of the economy
gross domestic product and growth ratesthe rate of growth of the secondary and tertiary sectors has been more than double that of the primary
structure of national incomethe structure or composition of national income of an economy explains the relative significance of the different
measures to promote growthin view of the recent global experience the following steps need be taken to accelerate the rate of growth 1