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now we consider the following questions how can the parent process communicate with its child or how can children processes communicate with other
unix process apithe two most important function calls to use when programming with several processes are fork and exec fork creates a copy of current
processes and threads each have their place in multi-programming generally to hide latency and to maximize cpu utilization with the continuing spread
one reason to learn c and c is simply that so much software is written in these languages a related butmore fundamental reason is that c and c are
operating systems have evolved tremendously in the last few decades the first approach for building operating systems taken during the 40s through
the term operating system os is often misused it is common for example for people to speak of an os when they are in fact referring to an os and to a
1 define each of the following in your own words a fileb recordc fieldd primary keye secondary key2 a
system errorthese contain errors in database system or the os example deadlockssuch errors are fairly hard to detect and need reprogramming the
consistency error these errors happen due to the inconsistent state of database caused may be due to wrong implementation of commands or in case of a
user error this contains errors in the program eg logical errors with errors made by online users of database these types of errors can be
database errorsan error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either
failure controlling methodsfailures can be handled using different recovery methods that are talk about later in the unit but the first question is
1 identify the comparisons and exchanges made to sort the following array using the selection exchange sort technique note you may not need all
1 a company wants a report containing a breakdown of payroll by department input which should be stored in 3 parallel arrays includes each employees
1 design the logic using a looping structure for a program that outputs every even number from 1 through 25 along with its square and cube 2 mr
hardware failure hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails this may result in loss of data one such trouble can be
software failures in such cases a software error abruptly stops the implementation of the current transaction or all transactions therefore
1 develop a flowchart using the decision structure to solve the following problema box lunch bonanza is a small catering company that offers 2
failures and recoveryin practice various things might occur to prevent a transaction from completing recovery methods are used to bring database
what is recovery during the life of a transaction ie a after the start of a transaction but before the transaction commits various changes may be
objectives define the terms recovery and integrity define recovery techniques explain error and error detection techniques and define types of
database recovery and securityintroductionin this part we will introduce two main issues relating to database management systemsa computer system
read-sett each data items that are read by a transaction ttimestamps for all transaction t the start-time and the end time are reserved for all the
optimistic concurrency controlis locking the only way to stop concurrency related problems there exist some other ways too one such way is known as
deadlock preventionone of the easiest approaches for avoiding a deadlock would be to obtain all the locks at the begin of the transaction though this