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Assumptions in Queuing system: • Flow balance implies that the number of arrivals in an observation period is equal to the&n
Quantities in a queuing system: A: Count of arrivals into system throughout measurement period T Ak: Count of arrivals into&nb
Operational Analysis: • Analysis method based on the measurement of the operational characteristics of the system. • Relationshi
Kendall’s notation: A/B/C/K/m/Z A, Inter-arrival distribution M exponential D constant or deterministic Ek Erlang G General B, Servic
What are the questions that comes into mind when designing a system?
Queuing theory: • Queuing theory deals with the analysis of lines where customers wait to receive a service: – Waitin
How is a shift in demand reflected in a demand equation? How is a shift in supply reflected in a supply equation? How is a movement along a demand (supply) curve reflected in a demand (supply) equat
Suppose a growth hormone is introduced that allows dairy farmers to offer 125 million more litres of milk per year at each price. a. Construct new demand and supply curves reflecting this change. D
Suppose the demand and supply for milk is described by the following equations: QD = 600 - 100P; QS = - 150 + 150P, where P is price in dollars, QD is quantity demanded in millions of litre
Cloud Computing – A computing capability that provides an abstraction between the computing resource and its underlying technical architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks), allowing conven
Standardization: This is the concept of using the minimum number of parts for the maximum number of purposes while considering the overall cost and performance of the finished product. Less time is sp
Modularization: This is the broader concept of applying standardization to produce modularized sub-assemblies. A car, computer, or even a ship can be completely designed and assembled as a series of t
Various DFM guidelines are: 1. Minimize the parts count. (For example, use integral clips for joining rather than separate nuts and bolts.) 2. Build components as similar as possible; this decreases
Design for Manufacture (DFM): The traditional approach of product design involved breaking the project down into a series of steps that were executed sequentially. These steps were assigned to differe
Detail design is where the components and sub-assemblies are designed. Many companies use CAD to create models and working detail and assembly drawings. Drawings are produced in accordance with detail
Safety: The specifications should state the possible abuse and misuse the product might be subjected to. Warning labels and instructions on safe operation of the product should be given. The designer
Ergonomics: This is concerned with how easy (comfort, complexity) the product is to use by the targeted market. Physical human dimensions must be considered when designing the driver's seating, instru
Size and weight: If the product is particularly small the cost may be increased if more precise manufacturing methods are demanded. Weight restriction will as well influence materials to be utilized:
Quantity: The total quantity of the product predicted and, more importantly, the production rates and batch sizes needed, should be specified. This will have implications for the types of manufacturin
Working environment: The conditions under which the product is likely to be used, stored, and transported must be specified. The product may have to operate in conditions of extreme temperature, be su
Maintenance: How frequently and easily the product is to be maintained must be specified. A photocopier shouldn't require a service call from a technician just to add toner. If the product is to be ma
Life expectancy: This part of the specification will state how long the product should remain in working order provided the customer gives reasonable care and maintenance. Also take into account techn
Product performance: Depending on the product, this may take many forms. Speed, loads to be withstood, number of work cycles, and intermittent or continuous working are some examples of considerations
Product appearance: Strongly influenced by the Industrial Designer, the general style? of the product is significant as this will have an influence on materials and manufacturing procedures to be used
Conformance to standards and specifications: These are standards laid down by national and international authorities. For instance, in Canada there is the Standards Council of Canada (SCC). The United