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  Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid gland:

In males the parathyroid glands are small oval yellow-brown bodies found joined to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands secrete two hormones viz.,

1. Parathormone and
2. Calcitonin.

Parathormone:

Purified parathormone is an easy polypeptide chain. It has short duration of biological activity. The half-life of the hormone is of around 20 to 30 minutes only.

Physiological effects of Parathormone:

Parathormone apparent its regulatory effects at three distinct loci in the body that is the kidneys, skeleton, and the gastro intestinal tract. In skeleton, the hormone directly acts ahead the bone tissue to stimulate the action of osteoclast cells (i.e., bone destroying cells). Under the persuade of this hormone calcium is discharged from the bone matrix into the circulation. As an outcome plasma calcium level raises. Therefore it helps in the skeletal remodeling.

In kidney, parathormone persuades a marked increase in phosphate excretion. In gastro intestinal tract, parathormone stimulates the absorption of phosphate and calcium from the gut by enhancing the vitamin D synthesis. As an outcome, more calcium and phosphate are transported into the blood stream. Its other physiological effects comprise its inhibitory action over the osteoblasts or bone forming cells, bicarbonate re-absorption and decrease of urine pH, and so on.

Calcitonin:

This is a calcium-lowering hormone secreted by the parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland. It is a protein. Its physiological possessions are antagonistic to that of parathormone. It restrains bone resorption. In kidney, it restrains the re-absorption of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and other ions. It reduces gastric HCl secretion. It also reduces the glucagon and insulin secretion.

 

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