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  Rubber and Insulating Fabric

Introduction to Rubber and Insulating fabric

Rubber: Rubber is acquired through vulcanizing raw rubber [natural/synthetic]. Ordinary electrical insulating rubbers comprise the following electrical characteristics within normal conditions:

The electric strength of organic rubbers powerfully relies on the sort of current included, the degree of stretch, and the time through which the voltage remains applied. While left un stretched and subjected to a short-time 50 Hz test voltage, rubber will comprise an electric strength under the following limits, relies on the pure-rubber constant.

For a 20 to 25 % rubber content...........20 to 30 kV/mm

For a 30 to 35 % rubber content...........30 to 45 kV/mm

The rubber's dielectric strength is 2 to 2.5 times of the electric strength at 50 Hz.

Even though rubber is practically water and gas tight the electrical characteristics of it are influenced through moisture, particularly for rubbers compounded with significant quantities of the substances that increases the sensitivity to moisture. Only particularly compounded rubbers can preserve their electrical characteristics almost unchanged while kept continuously in contact with moisture. Generally employed like seals, gaskets and washers.

For standard rubbers the maximum operating temperature is generally 550C, for rubbers of great heat resistance the maximum operating temperature is 650C. For butyl rubbers the working temperature can be as higher as 900C. Rubbers have limited post resilience and at adequately low temperatures become brittle.

Silicon rubbers: silicon rubber comprises high electrical insulating properties, heat resistance, frost resistance, moisture resistance, also resistance to ozone and light. It can be generated as adhesive tapes [lined along with a layer of vulcanized rubber] appropriate for insulating the windings of high-voltage electrical machines. Those tapes as well work to insulate the terminal leads of electrical machines intended for high temperature rise. Silicon rubbers keep the flexibility of their temperature as low as -100C. One of their disadvantages is comparatively low mechanical strength, other is high cost.

Insulating fabrics: Base materials for insulating fabrics involve natural fibres like cellulose, cotton and silk; synthetic organic fibres of, for instance cellulose derivatives, polyamides [nylon], polyethylene tarepathalates; and inorganic fibres, mainly glass and asbestos. Non-woven synthetic organic fibres are generally bonded into a fabric through use of a bonding resin or through fusion. They locate electrical use mainly as a base for resin-impregnated insulation.

Unimpregnated woven fabrics locate a number of limited uses in electrical insulation. The electric strength of such type of fabrics usually does not exceed the breakdown strength of an equivalent air gap and indeed be less. Hence, their main use is to provide mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, and mechanical spacing of conductors in low voltage applications. Frequently the properties of such types of fabrics are upgraded through impregnation with a varnish after application. Better results are usually acquired if the fabric is impregnated prior to application.

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