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  Qualities of Good Transformer Oil

The Qualities Required For Good Transformer Oil

For transformer oil the specifications are completely covered by IS: 335-1993. For instructions for keeping the insulating oil IS Code of Practice No. 1866 may be considered.

Briefly, the following characteristics are wanted:

i) Mineral oil grade B should be employed.

ii) It should comprise a high di-electric strength that is not less than 40 kV in drums and 30 kV in the transformer tank.

iii) It should consist of negligible moisture content. An easy test that depicts the existence of moisture is the 'crackle' test. This could be completed in two ways: 1st Pour a small quantity of oil sample into a test tube and 2nd is heat up rapidly under a Bunsen burner. There should be no cracking. Other method, a half inch iron rod heated to dull red heat is dipped into a sample of oil kept in a clean vessel. Crackling depicts existence of moisture.

iv) The oil should be completely clear and pale in colour. Cloudiness indicates existence of moisture or impurities such as sludge or rust, reddish tinge points out existence of asphalt, and green colour points out existence of copper soaps.

v) Acidity content should be extremely low, as it will reason precipitation of sludge and corrosion of metal surfaces. If acidity content turns into excessive in service, the oil should be changed with new oil.

vi) 'Flash' point and 'Pour' point should be according to the specifications laid down.

vii)  It has to be chemically stable, that is it should not react to oxygen in the air even at high temperatures.

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