Gibberellins

Gibberellins:

It was first observed in Japan by Kurusowa. He discovered from his field that some of the rice seedlings had grown up much taller as compared to the others. On additional observation, he found that such type of taller rice plants had displayed unusual internodal elongation. This internodal elongation is termed as the ‘bakanae’ or ‘foolish seedling’ disease of rice. Afterward, it was discovered that the elongation was because of the action of a substance generated through a fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi. This substance was effectively isolated from the fungus and it was termed as gibberellic acid.

There are over 90 dissimilar gibberellins isolated from higher plants and from fungi. Gibberellins take place in several plant organs. They are termed as GA1, GA2, GA3, etc. These phytohormones take place in all groups of plants.

Physiological influences of gibberellins:

1. Gibberellins generate unexpected elongation of stem. The elongation of stem is caused through the cell division and cell elongation induced through gibberellic acid.

2. One of the most striking influences of the gibberellins is the reversal of dwarfism in several genetically dwarf plants. For example ‘Rosette’ plant of sugar beet, while treated with GA goes through marked longitudinal growth of axis acquiring the normal size.

3. Rosette plants generally depict reduced internodal growth. These plants show excessive internodal growth while they are treated with gibberellin. This unexpected elongation of stem followed through flowering is known as bolting.

4. Several biennials generally flower throughout the second year of their growth. For flowering to occur, these plants should be exposed to cold season. Such types of plants could be made to flower without exposure to cold season in the 1st year itself, while they are treated with gibberellins.

5. Formation of seedless fruits with no fertilization can also be induced through gibberellin treatment in several plants. For example Tomatoes, apples, cucumbers, etc.

6. A number of the light sensitive seeds can germinate through the treatment of gibberellic acid even in complete darkness. Example barley.

7. In potato tubers Gibberellin breaks dormancy.

 

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