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  DNA as a Genetic Material

Introduction to DNA as a Genetic Material

It is apparent that chromosomes are the movers of genetic material. Chromosomes consists proteins, DNA and RNA.  It is across the world accepted that DNA is the genetic material in several organisms and higher organisms.   In several plant viruses, RNA is the genetic material. There are several direct proofs for DNA being the genetic material. In this, we will discuss one of the evidences that are demonstrated through Frederick Griffith.

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Diagram: Griffith experiments on mouse

Hereditary role of DNA - Bacterial transformation

In the year 1928, the bacteriologist Frederick Griffith carried out an experiment by using Diplococcus pneumoniae. He observed two strains of virulent Diplococcus causing pneumonia. The virulent strain produced a smooth polysaccharide coat and generates smooth colonies. This strain was known as strain-S. Other strain that lacked the proper polysaccharide coat is harmless and generates rough colonies. This strain was known as strain-R.

While Griffith injected S-type of cells into the mouse, the mouse died. While R-type cells were injected into the mouse, the mice did not expire. He injected heat killed S-type cells into the mouse. The mouse did not expire. Griffith killed a number of smooth strain bacteria and mixed it along with live rough strain bacteria. While the mixture of heat killed S-type cells and R-type

Cells was inserted into the mouse, the mouse was dead. The living rough strain of Diplococcus had been altered into S-type cells. i.e. the hereditary material of heat killed S-type cells had altered R-type cells into virulent smooth strains. So the phenomenon of changing the character of one strain through transferring the DNA of another strain into the former is known as transformation.

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