Assignment Help - homework help

  Carboxylation reactions

Carboxylation reactions:

Hatch-Slack pathway includes 2 carboxylation reactions. One occurs in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells and another is occurs in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells.

1. The first step includes the carboxylation of phosphoenol pyruvic acid within the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells to create a 4C compound, oxaloacetic acid. This reaction is catalysed through the enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase

2363_carboxy 1.jpg


2. Oxaloacetic acid is transformed into aspartic acid through the enzyme transaminase or it might be reduced to malic acid by NADP+ particular malate dehydrogenase.

1509_carboxy 2.jpg

2124_carboxy 3.jpg


3. Malic acid/aspartic acid created in chloroplast of mesophyll cells is transmitted  to the chloroplasts  of bundle sheath in which it is decarboxylated to create  CO2  and pyruvic  acid in the existence  of NADP+ particular malic enzyme.

2198_carboxy 4.jpg

4. Here, second carboxylation takes place in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells. Ribulose bisphosphate aalows CO2 generated in step (3) in the existence of RuBP carboxylase and yields 3-phosphoglyceric acid. A number of the 3-phosphoglyceric acid molecules are used to generate sucrose and starch when remaining PGA molecules are employed for the reproduction of RuBP.

604_carboxy 5.jpg

5. The pyruvic acid generated in step (3) is transmitted to the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in which it is phosphorylated to reproduce phosphoenolpyruvic acid. This reaction is catalysed through pyruvate kinase in the existence of Mg2+.

1070_carboxy 6.jpg

109_carboxy 7.jpg


The AMP is phosphorylated through ATP in the existence of adenylate kinase to create 2 molecules of ADP.

C4 plants are photosynthetically more proficient as compared to the C3 plants, since the net need of ATP and NADPH2 for the fixation of one molecule of CO2 is significantly lower in C4 plants as compared in C3 plants.

Difference among the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways:

1571_carboxy 8.jpg

 

 

Latest technology based Biology Online Tutoring Assistance

Tutors, at the www.tutorsglobe.com, take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in Carboxylation reactions homework help via online tutoring. Students are getting 100% satisfaction by online tutors across the globe. Here you can get homework help for Carboxylation reactions, project ideas and tutorials. We provide email based Carboxylation reactions homework help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified online tutors specialized in Carboxylation reactions. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home. Tutors at the TutorsGlobe are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for Biology homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Biology assignments, which may help you to solve your complex issues of Carboxylation reactions. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
Home | Company Overview | Services | Discover Q&A | Sitemap | Contact Us | T & C | Refund Policy | Copyright Policy | Blog | Q&A | Directory

©TutorsGlobe All rights reserved 2022-2023.