--%>
Assignment Help - homework help

What are methods of phenol preparation and its uses?

Phenol was initially obtained by fractional distillation of coal-tar. Phenol is present in the middle oil fraction in the distillation of coal-tar. Now-a-days, it is manufactured from cumene (isopropyl benzene).
    
From cumene

The starting material for the preparation of phenol is cumene (isopropyl benzene). Cumene itself is prepared by Friedel-Craft alkylation of benzene with propene. Cumene is oxidized through air to cumene hydroperoxide, which after treatment with dilute sulphuric acid provides phenol and acetone.

2379_Phenol preparation.png 
    
From benzene (Raschig process)

The method involves heating of benzene, HCl and air over a catalyst (mixture of CuCl2 and FeCl2) at 500 K when chlorobenzene is produced. It is then heated with super heated steam at 750 K to give phenol.

719_Phenol preparation1.png 

Another new method for synthesis of phenol is to pass benzene and air over V2O5 at 600 K when benzene is directly oxidized to phenol.

1637_Phenol preparation2.png 

Uses of phenol
    
In the manufacture of drugs like salicylic acid, pheacetin, aspirin, salol etc.
    
For the manufacture of Bakelite by polymerizing with formaldehyde.
    
For the manufacture of phenolphthalein, picric acid.
    
As a additive for ink.
    
For the manufacture of cyclohexanol used as solvent for rubber.
    
As a strong antiseptic in soaps, lotions etc.
    
Phenol is used in the manufacture of herbicides such as '2, 4-D' and germicides such as "TCP".

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Explain the process of coagulation of

    Presence of small concentrations of appropriate electrolyte is necessary to stabilize the colloidal solutions. However, if the electrolytes are present in higher concentration, then the ions of the electrolyte neutralize the charge on the colloidal particles may unite

    		•
  • Q : Problem related to molality Help me to

    Help me to solve this problem. What is the molality of a solution which contains 18 g of glucose (C6,H12, O6) in 250 g of water:  (a) 4.0 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 4.2 m (d) 0.8 m

    		•
  • Q : Organic and inorganic substances living

    living beings are made up of organic and inorganic substances.according to their complexity of their molecules how can ach of these substances be classified?

    		•
  • Q : What do you mean by the term dipole

    What do you mean by the term dipole moment? Briefly describe it.

    		•
  • Q : Molecular weight of solute Select right

    Select right answer of the question. A dry air is passed through the solution, containing the 10 gm of solute and 90 gm of water and then it pass through pure water. There is the depression in weight of solution wt by 2.5 gm and in weight of pure solvent by 0.05 gm. C

    		•
  • Q : Normality how 0.5N HCL is prepared for

    how 0.5N HCL is prepared for 10 littre solution

    		•
  • Q : Dipole moment of chloro-octane Describe

    Describe the dipole moment of chloro-octane in brief?

    		•
  • Q : Normality of solution containing

    Can someone please help me in getting through this problem. Determine the normality of a solution having 4.9 gm H3PO4 dissolved in 500 ml water: (a) 0.3  (b) 1.0  (c) 3.0   (d) 0.1

    		•
  • Q : Procedure for separating the components

    Briefly describe the procedure for separating the components of the gun-powder?

    		•
  • Q : Problem based on normality Choose the

    Choose the right answer from following. NaClO solution reacts with H2SO3 as,. NaClO + H2SO3→NaCl+ H2SO4. A solution of NaClO utilized in the above reaction contained 15g of NaClO per litre. The

    		•