The concepts for developing these different views of organizational learning come primarily from three sources:
1) The articles the authors see an organization as a culture and the juxtaposition of order and disorder often stimulates learning.
2) The social construction of knowledge in groups and how this changes the way we see learning.
3) The Native American medicine wheel to develop a model of organizational learning that is circular, longitudinal and integrative rather than linear, cross-sectional and compartmental. Learning is something that happens all the time.