Genetic engineering for developing human insulin

Question

How genetic engineering can be used in order to create the bacteria which have the capability of generating the human insulin?

Answer 1

In generation of the human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is inserted in the genetic material of these microorganisms. The mutant bacteria multiply making the lineages of the insulin-producing bacteria. In the bacteria there exist the circular strands of DNA known as plasmids, mini-chromosomes that act as an accessory to the main DNA. To generate the mutant bacteria capable to produce insulin the plasmid is submitted to the action of restricting the enzymes specialized in the cutting of DNA fragments. Once, the circular plasmid is open by restriction enzyme. The same enzyme is used in order to cut the human DNA molecule consisting of the insulin gene. The piece of human DNA having the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid along with the help of the DNA ligases. The recombinant plasmid consisting the human insulin gene is then inserted within the bacteria.