Electrons from NADH2 and FADH2 passing via cytochromes
Describe how in the respiratory chain do electrons from NADH2 and FADH2 passing via cytochromes release energy for ATP synthesis? What is this ATP synthesis termed?
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NADH2 and FADH2 oxidate into FAD and NAD and release hydrogen ions and highly energized electrons in the starting of the respiratory chain. The energy lost by electrons which pass via the cytochromes is employed to pump protons (that is, hydrogen ions) out of the inner mitochondrial membrane (to the area among the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondrion). Hydrogen concentration gradient among the inner and outer spaces delimited by the inner membrane forces protons (that is, hydrogen ions) to return to the mitochondrial matrix (the area within the inner membrane) though that return is only possible when hydrogen ions pass via an enzymatic complex termed as ATP synthetase embedded in the internal membrane. In that passage, the ATP synthetase phosphorylates ADP and then ATP molecules are generated. Hydrogen released in the mitochondrion then joins with oxygen to form water. As a reaction that based on oxygen this kind of ATP synthesis is termed as oxidative phosphorylation.
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