Question 1: (Net present value, profitability index, and internal rate of return calculations) You are considering two independent projects, project A and project B. The initial cash outlay associated with project A is $50,000 and the initial cash outlay associated with project B is $70,000. The required rate of return on both projects is 12 percent. The expected annual free cash flows from each project are as follows:
YEAR PROJECT A PROJECT B
0 −$50,000 −$70,000
1 12,000 13,000
2 12,000 13,000
3 12,000 13,000
4 12,000 13,000
5 12,000 13,000
6 12,000 13,000
Calculate the NPV, PI, and IRR for each project and indicate if the project should be accepted.
Question 2: (Break-even point) Napa Valley Winery (NVW) is a boutique winery that produces a high-quality, nonalcoholic red wine from organically grown cabernet sauvignon grapes. It sells each bottle for $30. NVW’s chief financial officer, Jackie Cheng, has estimated variable costs to be 70 percent of sales. If NVW’s fixed costs are $360,000, how many bottles of its wine must NVW sell to break even?
Question 3: (Break-even point and profit margin) Mary Clark, a recent graduate of Clarion South University, is planning to open a new wholesaling operation. Her target operating profit margin is 26 percent. Her unit contribution margin will be 50 percent of sales. Average annual sales are forecast to be $3,250,000.
a. How large can fixed costs be for the wholesaling operation and still allow the 26 percent operating profit margin to be achieved?
b. What is the break-even point in dollars for the firm?