Questions -
Q1. Alpha-Tech, a rapidly growing distributor of electronic components, is formulating its plans for 20x5. Carol Jones, the firm's marketing director, has completed the following sales forecast.
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ALPHA-TECH 20x5 Forecasted Sales (in thousands)
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Month
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Sales
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January
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$9,000
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February
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10,000
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March
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9,000
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April
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11,500
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May
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12,500
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June
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14,000
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July
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15,000
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August
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15,000
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September
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16,000
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October
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16,000
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November
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15,000
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December
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17,000
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Phillip Smith, an accountant in the Planning and Budgeting Department, is responsible for preparing the cash flow projection. The following information will be used in preparing the cash flow projection.
Alpha-Tech's excellent record in accounts receivable collection is expected to continue. Seventy percent of billings are collected the month after the sale, and the remaining 30 percent two months after.
The purchase of electronic components is Alpha-Tech's largest expenditure, and each month's cost of goods sold is estimated to be 35 percent of sales. Seventy percent of the parts are received by Alpha-Tech one month prior to sale, and 30 percent are received during the month of sale.
Historically, 70 percent of accounts payable has been paid one month after receipt of the purchased components, and the remaining 30 percent has been paid two months after receipt.
Hourly wages and fringe benefits, estimated to be 30 percent of the current month's sales, are paid in the month incurred.
General and administrative expenses are projected to be $16,270,000 for the year. The breakdown of these expenses is presented in the following schedule. All cash expenditures are paid uniformly throughout the year, except the property taxes, which are paid in four equal installments at the end of each quarter.
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20x5 Forecasted General and Administrative Costs (in thousands)
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Salaries and fringe benefits
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$3,400
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Promotion
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4,000
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Property taxes
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1,360
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Insurance
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1,700
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Utilities
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1,700
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Depreciation
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4,110
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Total
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$16,270
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Income-tax payments are made at the beginning of each calendar quarter based on the income of the prior quarter. Alpha-Tech is subject to an income-tax rate of 40 percent. Alpha-Tech's operating income for the first quarter of 20x5 is projected to be $4,200,000. The company pays 100 percent of the estimated tax payment.
Alpha-Tech maintains a minimum cash balance of $535,000. If the cash balance is less than $535,000 at the end of each month, the company borrows amounts necessary to maintain this balance. All amounts borrowed are repaid out of the subsequent positive cash flow. The projected April 1, 20x5, opening balance is $535,000.
Alpha-Tech has no short-term debt as of April 1, 20x5.
Alpha-Tech uses a calendar year for both financial reporting and tax purposes.
Required: Prepare a cash budget for Alpha-Tech by month for the second quarter of 20x5. For simplicity, ignore any interest expense associated with borrowing.
Q2. Mary and Kay, Inc., a distributor of cosmetics throughout Florida, is in the process of assembling a cash budget for the first quarter of 20x1. The following information has been extracted from the company's accounting records:
- All sales are on account. Sixty percent of customer accounts are collected in the month of sale; 35 percent are collected in the following month. Uncollectibles amounting to 5 percent of sales are anticipated, and management believes that only 20 percent of the accounts outstanding on December 31, 20x0, will be recovered and that the recovery will be in January 20x1.
- Sixty percent of the merchandise purchases are paid for in the month of purchase; the remaining 40 percent are paid for in the month after acquisition.
- The December 31, 20x0, balance sheet disclosed the following selected figures: cash, $80,000; accounts receivable, $260,000; and accounts payable, $85,000.
- Mary and Kay, Inc. maintains a $80,000 minimum cash balance at all times. Financing is available (and retired) in $1,000 multiples at an 9 percent interest rate, with borrowings taking place at the beginning of the month and repayments occurring at the end of the month. Interest is paid at the time of repaying principal and computed on the portion of principal repaid at that time.
Additional data:
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January
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February
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March
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Sales revenue
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$640,000
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$730,000
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$745,000
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Merchandise purchases
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460,000
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490,000
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610,000
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Cash operating costs
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112,000
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91,000
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154,000
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Proceeds from sale of equipment
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-
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-
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34,000
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Required:
1. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash collections for January through March.
2. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash disbursements for January through March.
3. Prepare a schedule that summarizes the firm's financing cash flows for January through March.
Q3. Badlands, Inc. manufactures a household fan that sells for $25 per unit. All sales are on account, with 40 percent of sales collected in the month of sale and 60 percent collected in the following month. The data that follow were extracted from the company's accounting records.
Badlands maintains a minimum cash balance of $24,000. Total payments in January 20x1 are budgeted at $215,000.
A schedule of cash collections for January and February of 20x1 revealed the following receipts for the period:
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Cash Receipts
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January
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February
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From December 31 accounts receivable
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$123,000
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From January sales
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89,000
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$140,000
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From February sales
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75,200
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March 20x1 sales are expected to total 9,500 units.
Finished-goods inventories are maintained at 25 percent of the following month's sales.
The December 31, 20x0, balance sheet revealed the following selected figures: cash, $23,800; accounts receivable, $123,000; and finished goods, $24,300.
Required:
1. Determine the number of units that Badlands sold in December 20x0.
2. Compute the sales revenue for March 20x1.
3. Compute the total sales revenue to be reported on Badlands' budgeted income statement for the first quarter of 20x1.
4. Determine the accounts receivable balance to be reported on the March 31, 20x1, budgeted balance sheet.
5. Calculate the number of units in the December 31, 20x0, finished-goods inventory.
6. Calculate the number of units of finished goods to be manufactured in January 20x1.
7. Calculate the financing required in January, if any, to maintain the firm's minimum cash balance.
Q4. Mary and Kay, Inc., a distributor of cosmetics throughout Florida, is in the process of assembling a cash budget for the first quarter of 20x1. The following information has been extracted from the company's accounting records:
- All sales are on account. Sixty percent of customer accounts are collected in the month of sale; 35 percent are collected in the following month. Uncollectibles amounting to 5 percent of sales are anticipated, and management believes that only 20 percent of the accounts outstanding on December 31, 20x0, will be recovered and that the recovery will be in January 20x1.
- Sixty percent of the merchandise purchases are paid for in the month of purchase; the remaining 40 percent are paid for in the month after acquisition.
- The December 31, 20x0, balance sheet disclosed the following selected figures: cash, $85,000; accounts receivable, $265,000; and accounts payable, $86,000.
- Mary and Kay, Inc. maintains a $85,000 minimum cash balance at all times. Financing is available (and retired) in $1,000 multiples at an 9 percent interest rate, with borrowings taking place at the beginning of the month and repayments occurring at the end of the month. Interest is paid at the time of repaying principal and computed on the portion of principal repaid at that time.
Additional data:
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January
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February
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March
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Sales revenue
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$650,000
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$740,000
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$755,000
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Merchandise purchases
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470,000
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500,000
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620,000
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Cash operating costs
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113,000
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92,000
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155,000
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Proceeds from sale of equipment
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-
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-
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35,000
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Required:
1. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash collections for January through March.
2. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash disbursements for January through March.
3. Prepare a schedule that summarizes the firm's financing cash flows for January through March.
Q5. Mary and Kay, Inc., a distributor of cosmetics throughout Florida, is in the process of assembling a cash budget for the first quarter of 20x1. The following information has been extracted from the company's accounting records:
- All sales are on account. Sixty percent of customer accounts are collected in the month of sale; 30 percent are collected in the following month. Uncollectibles amounting to 10 percent of sales are anticipated, and management believes that only 20 percent of the accounts outstanding on December 31, 20x0, will be recovered and that the recovery will be in January 20x1.
- Sixty percent of the merchandise purchases are paid for in the month of purchase; the remaining 40 percent are paid for in the month after acquisition.
- The December 31, 20x0, balance sheet disclosed the following selected figures: cash, $55,000; accounts receivable, $220,000; and accounts payable, $77,000.
- Mary and Kay, Inc. maintains a $55,000 minimum cash balance at all times. Financing is available (and retired) in $1,000 multiples at an 9 percent interest rate, with borrowings taking place at the beginning of the month and repayments occurring at the end of the month. Interest is paid at the time of repaying principal and computed on the portion of principal repaid at that time.
Additional data:
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|
January
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February
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March
|
|
Sales revenue
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$560,000
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$650,000
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$665,000
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Merchandise purchases
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380,000
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410,000
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530,000
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Cash operating costs
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104,000
|
83,000
|
146,000
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Proceeds from sale of equipment
|
-
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-
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26,000
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Required:
1. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash collections for January through March.
2. Prepare a schedule that discloses the firm's total cash disbursements for January through March.
3. Prepare a schedule that summarizes the firm's financing cash flows for January through March.
Q6. Western State University (WSU) is preparing its master budget for the upcoming academic year. Currently, 12,200 students are enrolled on campus; however, the admissions office is forecasting a 5 percent growth in the student body despite a tuition hike to $60 per credit hour. The following additional information has been gathered from an examination of university records and conversations with university officials:
- WSU is planning to award 160 tuition-free scholarships.
- The average class has 20 students, and the typical student takes 15 credit hours each semester. Each class is three credit hours.
- WSU's faculty members are evaluated on the basis of teaching, research, and university and community service. Each faculty member teaches five classes during the academic year.
Required:
1. Prepare a tuition revenue budget for the upcoming academic year.
2. Determine the number of faculty members needed to cover classes.
3. Assume there is a shortage of full-time faculty members. Select at least five actions that WSU might take to accommodate the growing student body by selecting an "X" next to the action.
4. You have been requested by the university's administrative vice president (AVP) to construct budgets for other areas of operation (e.g., the library, grounds, dormitories, and maintenance). The AVP noted: "The most important resource of the university is its faculty. Now that you know the number of faculty needed, you can prepare the other budgets. Faculty members are indeed the key driver-without them we don't operate." Are faculty members a key driver in preparing budgets?