A biological fluid moves at a flow rate of m = 0.02 kg/s through a coiled, thin-walled, 5-mm-diameter tube submerged in a large water bath maintained at 50°C. The fluid enters the tube at 25°C.
(a) Estimate the length of the tube and the number of coil turns required to provide an exit temperature of Tm,o = 38°C for the biological fluid. Assume that the water bath is an extensive, quiescent medium,
(b) The flow rate through the tube is controlled by a pump that experiences throughput variations of approximately ±10% at any one setting. This con- dition is of concern to the project engineer because the corresponding variation of the exit temperature of the biological fluid could influence the down- stream process. What variation would you expect in Tm,o for a ±10% change in m?