The Miami Beach police department is sick and tired of the college and high school students coming to town for Spring break and bringing drugs and alcohol with them. So, they’ve devised a plan, Operation Intercept, to stop the flow of drugs.
First, the Police Chief orders random check points on all the highways leading into town. Each check point will have a drug dog that will go around the outside of the vehicle and alert the handler if there is a “hit.” Second, to help stop the flow of drugs entering the city via the waterways and ports, the Chief has ordered the use of drones. He instructs his officers to conduct drone “flights” in the areas where the drug dealers often use speedboats for drug trafficking. As expected, Operation Intercept is successful. The Department makes a number of arrests based upon both the traffic stops and the drones.
Discuss whether drug dogs at the traffic stops and the drones are constitutional under the 4th Amendment.