Questions:
Question 1
1. Power plants produce both __________ and __________.
bottom ash; fly ash
road base material; heat
variant heat; pH solutions
high temperatures; MSW
Question 2
1. A city consists of 50,000 people. Each person produces, on average, 5 lb per day of municipal solid waste (MSW). A power plant burns the MSW to produce power for homes. If each home uses 1000 kW-hr/month, how many homes can be powered by the MSW? Hint: see the lecture materials and note that the rule of thumb at the top of page 273 should say "500 kilowatt-hours of electricity" rather than "500 kilowatts of electricity". A month has an average of 30.4 days.
63 homes
76 homes
1900 homes
3,800,000 homes
Question 3
1. A 20 gram sample of refuse derived fuel has a heat capacity of 13,000 cal/°C and a heat value of 2800 cal/g. What temperature rise is expected when the sample is combusted in a calorimeter?
0.00028 °C
0.23 °C
4.3 ° C
3.8x1011 ° C
Question 4
1. All of the following are concerns with combustion of MSW EXCEPT:
structural fill.
the potential for acid rain.
photochemical smog.
the escape of heavy metals.
Question 5
1. The control of __________ is the most important variable in maintaining a desired operating temperature in a combustion chamber.
underfire air
overlying air
water steam
exhaust gas
Question 6
1. If a nuclear power plant produces 1200 MW (Mega Watts) of electrical power and is 30% efficient, approximately how much energy of fuel is consumed each day?
4000 kJ each day
1.0x108 kJ each day
3.5x108 kJ each day
3.5x1011 kJ each day
Question 7
1. The combustion of fuel such as RDF can have undesirable side effects including all of the following EXCEPT:
waste heat generated by power plants.
the development of ash that requires disposal.
the production of carbon dioxide.
leakage of contaminated water.
Question 8
1. A furnace burns paper. Calculate the stoichiometric oxygen (O2) required for combustion. Assume the paper is pure cellulose (C6H10O5) so that the combustion equation is: C6H10O5 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 5H2O.
0.20 g O2 /g paper
0.57 g O2 /g paper
1.2 g O2 /g paper
6.0 g O2 /g paper
Question 9
1. __________ uses the chemical makeup of fuel in order to approximate its heat value.
Compositional analysis
Ultimate analysis
Regression analysis
Final temperature
Question 10
1. What is an energy balance for heat energy in terms of the conversion of water to steam?
Heat energy = height of material X absolute temperature of the material
Heat energy = mass of material X absolute temperature of the material
Mass of material = heat energy X absolute temperature of the material
Mass of material = height of material X heat energy
Question 11
1. Define the concept of the Principle of Expediency. How is this principle important in today's standards for solid waste collection, management, and reduction? Explain your answer.