Contribution margin ratio of a single product company

Question

Problem 1. Which of the following is true regarding the contribution margin ratio of a single product company?

• As fixed expenses decrease, the contribution margin ratio increases.
• The contribution margin ratio multiplied by the selling price per unit equals the contribution margin per unit.
• The contribution margin ratio will decline as unit sales decline.
• The contribution margin ratio equals the selling price per unit less the variable expense ratio.

Problem 2. At the break-even point:

• sales would be equal to contribution margin.
• contribution margin would be equal to fixed expenses.
• contribution margin would be equal to net operating income.
• sales would be equal to fixed expenses.

Problem 3. Escareno Corporation has provided its contribution format income statement for June. The company produces and sells a single product. Sales (8,400 units) $764,400 Variable expenses 445,200 Contribution margin 319,200 Fixed expenses 250,900 Net operating income $ 68,300 If the company sells 8,200 units, its total contribution margin should be closest to:

• $301,000
• $311,600
• $319,200
• $66,674

Problem 4. Gayne Corporation's contribution margin ratio is 12% and its fixed monthly expenses are $84,000. If the company's sales for a month are $738,000, what is the best estimate of the company's net operating income? Assume that the fixed monthly expenses do not change.

• $565,440
• $654,000
• $88,560
• $4,560

Problem 5. The principal difference between variable costing and absorption costing centers on:

• whether variable manufacturing costs should be included as product costs.
• whether fixed manufacturing costs should be included as product costs.
• whether fixed manufacturing costs and fixed selling and administrative costs should be included as product costs.
• none of these.

Problem 6. When production exceeds sales, net operating income reported under variable costing generally will be:

• greater than net operating
• less than net operating income reported under absorption costing
• equal to net operating income reported under absorption costing.
• higher or lower because no generalization can be made.

Problem 7. Kray Inc., which produces a single product, has provided the following data for its most recent month of operations: Number of units produced 3,000 Variable costs per unit: Direct materials $91 Direct labor $13 Variable manufacturing overhead $7 Variable selling and administrative expense $6 Fixed costs: Fixed manufacturing overhead $237,000 Fixed selling and administrative expense $165,000 There were no beginning or ending inventories. The unit product cost under variable costing was:

• $111
• $190
• $117
• $110

Problem 8. Swifton Company produces a single product. Last year, the company had net operating income of $40,000 using variable costing. Beginning and ending inventories were 22,000 and 27,000 units, respectively. If the fixed manufacturing overhead cost was $3.00 per unit, what was the income using absorption costing?

• $15,000
• $25,000
• $40,000
• $55,000

Problem 9. Which terms would make the following sentence true? Manufacturing companies that benefit the most from activity-based costing are those where overhead costs are a _________ percentage of total product cost and where there is ___________ diversity among the various products that they produce.

• low, little
• low, considerable
• high, little
• high, considerable

Problem 10. Providing the power required to run production equipment is an example of a:

• Unit-level activity.
• Batch-level activity.
• Product-level activity.
• Organization-sustaining activity.

Problem 11. Data concerning three of the activity cost pools of Salcido LLC, a legal firm, have been provided below:
           
     Activity Cost Pools    Total Cost    Total Activity
     Researching legal issues.......     $20,480    640    research hours
     Meeting with clients.............     $1,182,239    7,253    meeting hours
     Preparing documents...........     $91,840    5,740    documents

The activity rate for the “meeting with clients” activity cost pool is closest to:

• $95 per meeting hour
• $61 per meeting hour
• $163 per meeting hour
• $1,182,239 per meeting hour

Problem 12. Gould Corporation uses the following activity rates from its activity-based costing to assign overhead costs to products:

     Activity Cost Pools    Activity Rate
     Setting up batches...........................     $59.06    per batch
     Processing customer orders.............     $72.66    per customer order
     Assembling products.......................     $3.75    per assembly hour

Data concerning two products appear below:
 
          Product K91B    Product F65O
     Number of batches..........................     84    50
     Number of customer orders.............     32    43
     Number of assembly hours...............     483    890

How much overhead cost would be assigned to Product K91B using the activity-based costing system?

• $9,097.41
• $81,146.53
• $4,961.04
• $135.47

Problem 13. A basic idea underlying ___________ is that a manager should be held responsible only for those items that the manager can actually control to a significant extent.

• participative budgeting
• planning and control
• responsibility accounting
• the master budget

Problem 14. Which of the following statements is NOT correct concerning the Manufacturing Overhead Budget?

• The Manufacturing Overhead Budget provides a schedule of all costs of production other than direct materials and labor costs.
• The Manufacturing Overhead Budget shows only the variable portion of manufacturing overhead.
• The Manufacturing Overhead Budget shows the expected cash disbursements for manufacturing overhead.
• The Manufacturing Overhead Budget is prepared after the Sales Budget.

Problem 15. Sioux Company is estimating the following sales for the first six months of next year:

     January.......    $250,000
     February.....     $220,000
     March.........     $240,000
     April...........     $300,000
     May............     $360,000

Sales at Sioux are normally collected as 60% in the month of sale, 35% in the month following the sale, and the remaining 5% being uncollectible. Based on this information, how much cash should Sioux expect to collect during the month of April?

• $250,800
• $264,000
• $290,700
• $306,000

Problem 16. Costs which can be eliminated in whole or in part if a particular business segment is discontinued are called:

• sunk costs.
• opportunity costs.
• avoidable costs.
• irrelevant costs.

Problem 17. Kinsi Corporation manufactures five different products. All five of these products must pass through a stamping machine in its fabrication department. This machine is Kinsi's constrained resource. Kinsi would make the most profit if it produces the product that:

• uses the lowest number of stamping machine hours.
• generates the highest contribution margin per unit.
• generates the highest contribution margin ratio.
• generates the highest contribution margin per stamping machine hour.

Problem 18. Gandy Company has 5,000 obsolete desk lamps that are carried in inventory at a manufacturing cost of $50,000. If the lamps are reworked for $20,000, they could be sold for $35,000. Alternatively, the lamps could be sold for $8,000 for scrap. In a decision model analyzing these alternatives, the sunk cost would be:

• $8,000
• $15,000
• $20,000
• $50,000

Problem 19. The management of Furrow Corporation is considering dropping product L07E. Data from the company's accounting system appear below:

     Sales.......................................................................     $830,000
     Variable expenses....................................................     $365,000
     Fixed manufacturing expenses..................................     $291,000
     Fixed selling and administrative expenses..................     $166,000

In the company's accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $186,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $106,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product L07E is discontinued. What would be the effect on the company's overall net operating income if product L07E were dropped?

• Overall net operating income would increase by $8,000.
• Overall net operating income would decrease by $173,000.
• Overall net operating income would decrease by $8,000.
• Overall net operating income would increase by $173,000.

Problem 20.  Product U23N has been considered a drag on profits at Jinkerson Corporation for some time and management is considering discontinuing the product altogether. Data from the company's accounting system appear below:

     Sales.......................................................................   $730,000
     Variable expenses...................................................    $350,000
     Fixed manufacturing expenses..................................    $234,000
     Fixed selling and administrative expenses.................     $161,000

In the company's accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $144,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $93,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product U23N is discontinued. What would be the effect on the company's overall net operating income if product U23N were dropped?

• Overall net operating income would increase by $15,000.
• Overall net operating income would increase by $143,000.
• Overall net operating income would decrease by $143,000.
• Overall net operating income would decrease by $15,000.