A student wants to assess whether her dog Muffin tends to chase her blue ball more often than she chases her red ball. The student rolls both a blue ball and a red ball at the same time and observes which ball Muffin chooses to chase. Repeating this process a total of 196 times, the student finds that Muffin chased the blue ball 102 times and the red ball 94 times.
1. What are the observational units in this study?
2. What is the variable in this study?
3. Calculate the test statistic and p-value.