1. Ammonia enters the expansion valve of a refrigeration system at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 248C and exits at 1 bar. If the refrigerant undergoes a throttling process, what is the quality of the refrigerant exiting the expansion valve?
2. Propane vapor enters a valve at 1.0 MPa, 608C, and leaves at 0.3 MPa. If the propane undergoes a throttling process, what is the temperature of the propane leaving the valve, in 8C?
3. A large pipe carries steam as a two-phase liquid-vapor mixture at 1.0 MPa. A small quantity is withdrawn through a throttling calorimeter, where it undergoes a throttling process to an exit pressure of 0.1 MPa. For what range of exit temperatures, in 8C, can the calorimeter be used to determine the quality of the steam in the pipe? What is the corresponding range of steam quality values?