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Estimate the mean aqueous concentration of benzene allowed in the impoundment. The area of the impoundment is 104 m2.
Estimate the direction and magnitude of the annual flux of DBP. The reported vapor pressure and aqueous solubility of DBP at 25oC are 1.4 × 10-5 mm Hg and 3.25.
If the aqueous solution in (a) also contains 0.05 mol fraction of ethanol, what is the value of the sediment-water partition constant?
Obtain from the above data the retardation factors for the sorbing compounds. Obtain the field-determined partition constants. The soil organic carbon is 0.02.
Use pyrene and benzene as examples. For a fish that weighs 1.5 lb, how much pyrene can be accumulated within its tissue?
Calculate the PCB loading in a 1 lb catfish dwelling in the lake. Assume equilibrium between the various phases in the system.
Estimate the deposition rate of HgCl2 to the lake. An average annual rainfall of 0.1 cm/h can be assumed. Kaw for HgCl2 is 2.9 × 10-8.
If the water content of cloud is 1 g/m3, estimate the pH of cloud water. Assume that all the sulfate exists as sulfuric acid.
If the ocean surface area is 3.6 × 1014 m2, and the total annual flux of freon is 3 × 1011 g, what fraction is contributed by the Atlantic Ocean?
The average fog diameter is 1µm. If the fog deposition rate is 0.2 mm/h, and the fog lasts for 4 h, what is the surface flux of chlorpyrifos?
Determine the fraction of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (phenanthrene) adsorbed on the aerosol. Determine the flux of phenanthrene in µg/m2/day
100 mL of an aqueous solution containing 0.0004 mM n-nonane is placed. What fraction of n-nonane is present at the air-water interface in this system?
If the final pH of the aqueous solution is 8, what is the mass of ammonia in the gas phase at equilibrium?
If the atmospheric ozone concentration in a polluted air is 100 ppbv, what is the concentration in equilibrium with a body of water in that region at 298 K?
Compute the standard enthalpy change for this reaction assuming that it is constant in the temperature range. What is the entropy change at 600 K?
Wetlands can be useful in phytoremediation of contaminants through uptake of pollutants by plants. Evaluate the fraction of pollutants in the plants.
For the reaction H2S(g) ? H2S (aq), the enthalpy of dissolution is -19.2 kJ/mol at 298 K. By how much will the equilibrium constant of the reaction change?
Consider a 0.1 mole fraction of ammonia solution in water at 298 K. Obtain the activity and activity coefficient of water in the solution.
If the partial pressure of O2 is 0.21 atm, what is the equilibrium ratio of partial pressures of SO3 to SO2 at 298 K?
Compute the free energy required to transfer 1 mol of pure water from ocean to lake. Assume a constant temperature of 298 K.
What is the Henry's constant at 25oC? The melting point of phenanthrene is 100.5oC.
Consider a spill of the mixture in a poorly ventilated laboratory. What is the gas-phase mole fraction of benzene in the room? Use Raoult's law.
If the partition constant was estimated to be 13 P/kg, what is the original contaminant loading on the soil?
The Henry's constant for methyl mercury at 0oC is 0.15 and at 25oC is 0.31. Estimate the enthalpy of dissolution of gaseous methyl mercury in water.
Which compartment will have the highest fraction of D4? Use the fugacity level I model.