Introduction to Magnetic Properties of Transition metal complexes

• A Transition metal complex is a complex having a transition metal coordinated to one or more ligands (anionic or neutral non-metal species)
• Transition metal complexes are significant in materials synthesis, catalysis, biological and photochemistry systems
• Show various optical, chemical and magnetic properties

Linear complexes

- Two coordinate linear complexes are almost completely establish for d¹⁰ metal ions

- Ag⁺, Hg²⁺ etc

- These metals can take the higher coordination numbers in favorable conditions

Square planar complexes

• The Square planar coordination is uncommonly encountered for metals that do not possess a d⁸ electron configuration?
• For 3d metals this d⁸ configuration has to be combined together with a π acceptor ligand, providing large crystal field splitting to achieve square planar coordination
• For the 4d and 5d metals almost all d⁸ complexes are square planar irrespective of the type of ligand

Five coordinate complexes

• There are two ordinary geometries for five coordinate complexes:

- TBP and square pyramidal

- TBP is the sterically preferential over square pyramidal

- Energetic dissimilarity between two geometries is quite small

- Geometry can dictated by the utilisation of a proper ligand or through crystal packing requirements

Colossal magneto resistance (CMR)

The so called magneto resistance (MR) is the variation in the electrical resistance of a conductor through an applied magnetic field (H). The MR is given by equation:

while in nonmagnetic conductors, MR is comparatively small and it is because of the Lorentz force that a magnetic field exerts on moving electrons, in magnetic materials the large spin polarisation of the electrons provides additional contributions and large MR effects can be attained sometimes even within low magnetic fields. One can differentiate between three main types of MR effects. The so called Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) effect was initially explained for Fe/Cr multilayers in 1989 by the sentimental works of Baibach et al. and Gr¨unenberg et al.  The electrical resistance decreases as the configuration of the magnetizations in neighbor Fe layers goes through antiparallel to parallel.

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