Part of human visual system

Which part of human visual system where the receptors that sense light, that is, the photoreceptor cells, are situated? How do those cells effort?

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The photoreceptor cells from retina, a lamina which covers the internal posterior region of eyeball. The photosensitive cells of retina are separated in two types: the cone cells and the rod cells. These cells have pigments which sense particular light wave ranges (frequencies) and trigger action potentials conducted by optical nerves to visual area of brain.

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