Bond Ratings
Fully explain the term Bond Ratings?
Expert
Bond Ratings:
• Individuals and small business encompass to rely on exterior agencies to give them information on default potential of bonds.
• The two most famous credit rating agencies are Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and standard and poor’s (S&P). Both credit rating services rank bonds in precedence of their predicted probability of default and publish the ratings as letter grades.
• The maximum-grade bonds, those with the minimum default risk, are rated Aaa (or AAA).
• Bonds in the top four rating groups are termed as investment-grade bonds—AAA to Baa.
• State and federal laws usually need commercial banks, pension funds, insurance companies, other financial institutions, and govt. agencies to buy securities rated merely as investment grade.
Table illustrates the average retail price of milk and the Consumer Price Index from the year 1980 to 1998. Q : Calculating accounting profits The firm The firm has $70,000 in implicit costs, and the economic profit of $40,000. This firm’s: (i) Explicit cost equivalent $30,000. (ii) Accounting profits equivalent $110,000. (iii) Normal gain equivalents $40,000. (iv) Explicit costs equivalent $110,000.
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