Problem
I. What is pragmatism? In what way does pragmatism offer a similar critique of philosophy as the existentialists offered?
II. Explain this quote: "Meaningful ideas always make a practical difference" (Soccio 426). What does this quote mean and how does this quote tie into the philosophy of pragmatism?
III. Explain James' notion of "feeling at home in the universe." What did James mean by that? And in what way was his view of truth and beliefs different than most philosophers? Why did he value meaning and adaptability more than objective truth? Also, tie this into his distinction between tender and tough-minded people.
IV. Explain James' view of beliefs and the importance of the will. How did James think people came to have beliefs and what role did the will have to play in terms of one's beliefs? What did James mean when he said that human life is full of forced options? [Hint: think about his analogy for the human condition as being similar to being on the top of a mountain during a snow storm].
V. Explain James' view on determinism. Do you agree with his idea that some ideas are just simply too important to the well-being and psychological health of human beings for us to question or let go of? Do you think humans should believe what makes their lives work, more than caring whether something is objectively true? What are some potentially negative consequences of viewing the world in this way?
VI. Explain James' view of the heroic life. Why did James think it was so important to fight for things and live as though one's actions actually matter in the world?