Why does provision of passenger exhibit economies of scope

Question

Problem

A railroad has two types of services: freight service and passenger service. The stand-alone cost for freight service is TC₁ = 500 + Q₁, where Q₁equals the number of ton-miles of freight hauled each day and TC1 is the total cost in thousands of dollars per day. The standalone cost for passenger service is TC₂ = 1000 + 2Q₂, where Q₂ equals the number of passenger-miles per day and TC₂ is the total cost in thousands of dollars per day. When a railroad offers both services jointly, its total is TC(Q₁, Q₂) = 2000  + Q₁ +2Q₂. Does the provision of passenger and freight service exhibit economies of scope?

The response should include a reference list. Double-space, using Times New Roman 12 pnt font, one-inch margins, and APA style of writing and citations.