Problem:
How can I paraphrase the following: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous neoplasm with distinct subtypes. These subtypes are commonly grouped into four categories based on the immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors: estrogen receptor positive (ER ), progesterone receptor positive (PR ), human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (HER2 ), and triple-negative (TNBC), which is characterized by the lack of expression of any of the above receptors (1). Estrogen receptor (ER) is an important diagnostic determinant, as approximately 70-75% of invasive breast carcinomas are characterized by significantly high ER expression (2, 3). The progesterone receptor (PR) is expressed in more than 50% of ER-positive patients, and very rarely in those with ER-negative breast cancer. PR expression is regulated by ER (4); therefore, physiological PR values inform about the functional ER pathway. However, both ER and PR are abundantly expressed in breast cancer cells, and both are considered diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer (5). Higher expression of PR is positively associated with overall survival, time to recurrence, and time to treatment failure or progression, while lower levels are generally associated with a more aggressive course of disease, as well as. Need Assignment Help?