1. Fire gave early Genus Homo several clear advantages, including the ability to
Keep warm in Africa, which was going through a cooling period
Fight off predators
Cook food, which made people healthier
All of the above
Only Fight off predators and Cook food, which made people healthier
2. Ardipithecus ramidus is
Older than Australopithecus afarensis but younger than Australopithecus africanus
Younger than Australopithecus afarensis but older than Australopithecus africanus
The same age as Australopithecus afarensis
Older than Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus afarensis
Younger than Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus
3. Habitat reduction on Earth is the direct result of
The need for building materials
The need for agricultural land
The increase in human populations
All of the above
Both The need for building materials and The increase in human populations
4. Homo Erectus and Neandertls had skulls that were, typically,
Long and flat (platycephalic)
High and wide
Rounded, like modern humans
Unusually square shaped
Pointed and rather alien looking
5. The overwhelming consensus among climate scientists points directly to "human-driven" global change, especially due to
Induced photosynthesis
Production of fluorocarbons
Burning of fossil fuels
Lack of emission regulations
High number of clunkers on the streets
6. There is some evidence to suggest that Neandertals
Were compassionate
Buried their dead
Were capable of symbolic behavior
All of these
Both Were compassionate and Buried their dead
7. The back of a typical Homo erectus skull has a(n)
Nuchal torus, or angular occipital
Nuchal bun, or a long, open bun shaped growth
Occipital plateau, or flat occipital
Occipital bun, or rounded occipital
A modern, rounded, skull
8. Humans, as mammals, stop producing the enzyme lactase and become lactose intolerant
At birth
Around 3 years of age
During adolescence
Around 21 years of age
By the time they reach 50
9. Which of these is/are characteristics of the arboreal adaptation related to erect posture
Tactile pads enriched with sensory nerve fibers
Prehensile hand (and feet)
The Scapula (shoulder blade) rotated onto the back
All of the above
Both Tactile pads enriched with sensory nerve fibers and The Scapula (shoulder blade) rotated onto the back
10. While an epidemic is a disease that affects a disproportionately large number of people within a population or region, at the same time, a pandemic is a disease that
Kills more people than an epidemic
Kills less people than an epidemic
Is new, requiring new types of antibiotics
Affects people over a wide geographic area, often globally
Is always fatal
11. According to the Complete Replacement Model, anatomically modern Homo sapiens first appeared in Africa
And dispersed to Europe where they interbred with local pre-modern H. sapiens populations
And migrated to other areas completely displacing all pre-modern H. sapiens populations without interbreeding with them
Remained there while pre-modern populations elsewhere evolved more slowly
Around 500,000 years ago
Both And migrated to other areas completely displacing all pre-modern H. sapiens populations without interbreeding with them and Around 500,000 years ago
12. Ardipithcus ramidus has fossil dates of
1.3 my
2.5 my
3.2 my
4.4 my
6.4 my
13. Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy), is known for its
Primitive teeth with pointed canines/diastema combined with the body of a biped
Ability to run fast
Cranial capacity which is larger than modern humans
Opposable toes on its feet
Tall, yet stocky, body
14. Bipedalism is an advantage because
A biped can get a wider view of the surroundings and can easily carry objects in its hands
It is a form of locomotion that increases the speed of the animal
The feet become specialized and can be used to make tools
Greater distances can be covered quickly
Bipedalism is easier on one's back than quadrupedalism
15. The typical Homo erectus brow was
Modern looking, with hardly any brow
Large, double arched brow ridges
Large, with straight brow ridges (supraorbital bar)
A medium brow
Non-existent, there were no brow ridges
16. Upper Paleolithic cave paintings
Are found in both China and South Africa
Were painted mostly after the last glacial maximum ended
May have served as "encoded information" passed from generation to generation
All of these
Both Are found in both China and South Africa and May have served as "encoded information" passed from generation to generation
17. Bipeds are recognized by
Their dentition, which includes a curved dental arch and modern teeth
The placement of the foramen magnum and shape of their pelvis
The length of their legs relative to the length of their feet
The shape of their feet and their hands
Their diet
18. Dark skin is advantageous in the tropics because it
Protects from overexposure to ultraviolet radiation
Protects from frostbite
Increases the skin's exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Promotes vitamin D synthesis
Helps prevent rickets
19. Grave goods and the position of Neandertal burials indicates that they may have
Had symbolic behavior
Practiced rituals
Practiced burial rights, vs. just digging a hole to place the body
All of the above
Both Practiced rituals and Practiced burial rights, vs. just digging a hole to place the body
20. Historically, people from Eyam England who carried at least one allele with the Delta 32 mutation on their CCR5 gene
Would rarely die from the Bubonic Plague
Were more likely to get AIDS
Were more likely to get Tuberculosis
Would not die from Tay-Sacks
Were more likely to get sickle-cell anemia