Question 1: Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic super continent in the Southern Hemisphere?
glacial deposits in South Africa and South America
windblown loess deposits in the deserts of Argentina, Australia and India
basalts in Brazil and Africa
deep water sediments in South Africa and South America
Question 2: The late Paleozoic super continent that began to break up about 180 million years ago is called _____.
Panatopia
Wegnerland
Pangaea
Pongolia
Question 3: A _______ results from mantle plumes created by a long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle.
hot spot
melt well
basalt plume
magmatic tube
Question 4: Which of the following is thought to drive the motions of the Earth's crustal plates?
magnetic field fluctuations within the core
convection cells within the mantle
gravitational forces of the Sun and Moon
gravitational sliding of areas elevated by upwelling of magma plumes
Question 5: The continental drift hypothesis was initially rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not _____.
find geologic similarities on different continents
disprove competing theories that were more accepted by scientists
identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
All of the above
Question 6: Which of the following statements is true about apparent polar wandering?
The Earth's poles change their orientations such that the poles do wander around the Earth.
Due to differential gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon, the planet has changed the direction in which it is spinning.
The continents have changed position relative to the poles.
None of the above
Question 7: Which of the following is not evidence that the seafloors are spreading?
Stripes of normal and reversed polarized rocks parallel to the rifts.
Old oceanic sediments at the outer edges of the ocean basins, young sediments at the rifts.
No seafloor sediments are older than 180 million years.
Thick ocean sediments at the rifts, thinning away from the rifts.
Question 8: Transform fault boundaries are _____.
boundaries where plates are sliding horizontally past one another
sites of voluminous basaltic lava flows
characterized by stratovolcanoes
sets of parallel fractures formed by convergence of the crustal rocks
Question 9: On average, lithospheric plates are _____ thick.
1 kilometer
10 kilometers
50 kilometers
100 kilometers
Question 10: The Hawaiian Islands are _____.
each about the same age
oldest in the east and progressively younger to the west
youngest in the east and progressively older to the west
formed over multiple hot spots and therefore are unrelated in age
Question 11: Geologically, ________ are actually submerged parts of the continents.
continental shelves
abyssal plains
oceanic trenches
coastal seamounts
Question 12: The source of sediments making up the continental rise is/are _____.
the constant rain of dead diatoms and other microscope planktonic creatures
volcanic ash from the mid-ocean volcanoes
continental silts and clays that are kept in suspension by ocean currents
turbidity currents depositing deep-sea fans
Question 13: "Black smokers" are associated with _____.
oceanic ridges
metal-rich sulfide deposits
hot water
All of the above
Question 14: ___________ are not associated with a mid-ocean ridge.
Very thin, ocean floor, sediment layers
Submarine basaltic lava eruptions
Deep ocean trenches
Shallower depths than abyssal plains
Question 15: Spreading rates of 1 to 5 _____per year are common along the Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Indian ridges.
meters
kilometers
centimeters
millimeters
Question 16: All of the following are layers that comprise oceanic crust except _____.
turbidites
pillow basalts
sheeted dike complexes
gabbro
Question 17: Magma at the mid-ocean ridge is the result of _____.
extraordinarily high temperatures found there
partial melting of the mantle as a result of decompression due to cracking at the ridge
increased pressure resulting from convergence of the lithospheric plates
the injection of seawater into subterranean fractures
Question 18: Which of the following is not forming at a divergent boundary?
Japan
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Iceland
Question 19: Oceanic ridges are elevated primarily because _____.
new oceanic crust is hot and less dense than cooler adjacent rocks
the oceanic crust is thickest at the ridges
the mantle is bulging along the ridges due to the release of pressure
large volcanoes form along the ridges
Question 20: A chaotic accumulation of ocean floor sediment and chunks of oceanic crust that forms at convergent boundaries is called a/an _____.
trenchite
island arc
oceanic plateau
accretionary wedge
Question 21: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a continental-continental convergent boundary?
earthquakes
deep ocean trench
folded mountains
thrust faults
Question 22: In an ocean-continent convergent boundary _____.
a volcanic island arc forms directly over the trench
the lightest plate will subduct
there is an absence of shallow focus earthquakes
volcanic mountains form 100-3-- kilometers from the trench
Question 23: Mount St. Helens is a part of a _____.
continental volcanic arc
continental rifting center
chain of hot spot volcanoes
basaltic shield volcano
Question 24: Which of the following were not formed by continental-continental convergence?
Appalachian Mountains
Himalaya Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Ural Mountains
Question 25: The processes that produce mountains is called _____.
deformational isostasy
isotropism
orogenesis
similation
Question 26: Partial melting of a subducting oceanic plate produces batholiths with the composition of _____.
gabbro to komatiite
granodiorite
peridotite
basalt
Question 27: Which of the following best describes the geology of the Pacific coastal regions of western North America, including Alaska?
An earlier, continental margin broke apart and the geologically similar fragments were tectonically reassembled.
A massive subcontinent of old igneous and metamorphic rocks (similar to India) was accreted during late Proterozoic time.
Geologically different, microcontinent-sized fragments and terranes, formed elsewhere, were tectonically accreted to North America.
Tightly folded, continental shelf strata were squeezed between North America and the convergent, Bering-Siberian subcontinent.
Question 28: Topographically high-standing, mountainous areas generally _____.
are underlain by greater then average thicknesses of lower density, crustal rocks
subside rapidly to compensate for erosion
have thicker, higher density, mantle rocks beneath them at shallow depths
experience rapid erosion that thins the crust and causes the area to subside
Question 29: Which of the following is not an example of an Isostatic movement?
crustal uplift following the melting of an ice sheet
uplift of an elevated area after erosion removes surface material
stream downcutting following a drop in sea level
uplift of an area underlain by thick masses of material that is less dense than the surrounding material
Question 30: Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of _____.
basaltic lava flows
andesitic lavas and pyroclastic materials
rhyolitic pyroclastic materials and lavas
All of the above