Question 1 : Most English sentences have a subject, a verb, and an object, in that order. An example of this is "Bob caught the ball." Rules such as these are collectively known as
phonemes.
semantics.
syntax.
pragmatics.
Question 2 : Which of the following is one of the underlying principles of cognitive psychology?
Previously acquired skills are unrelated to new learning.
All learners are equal.
Learning involves thought and imagination.
Learning is based on the relationship between stimulus and response.
Question 3 : The "k" sound in the words cat, scrap, or ski is an example of one of the _____ of a language.
syntaxes
morphemes
phonemes
pragmatics
Question 4 : Which of these is an example of a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement?
A slot machine pays off at 3:30, 4:30, 6:30, and 10:00 every day.
You are paid for every 10 newspapers you deliver.
You are paid every 2 weeks.
Your favorite team wins 60% of its games.
Question 5 : As part of the story of Little Albert, John Watson smashed a construction hammer against a steel bar. Little Albert's crying in response to that sound was a(n)
unconditioned stimulus.
unconditioned response.
conditioned stimulus.
conditioned response.
Question 6 : According to Bandura, all of the following are required for us to be agents of our own actions, EXCEPT
intentionality.
self-efficacy.
rewards.
forethought.
Question 7 : When baby Frances says, "daaa," her father says, "Yes, I'm daddy!" Eventually, thanks to her father's continuous reinforcement, Frances will finally say "daddy." This gradual development of language is known as
emergentism.
interactionist theory.
the language acquisition device.
nativism.
Question 8 : Gus notices that the school bully is very popular, so Gus begins bullying students as well. Gus's imitative behavior is best explained by the _____ effect.
disinhibitory
inhibitory
eliciting
modeling
Question 9 : As a result of John Watson's conditioning techniques, Little Albert was frightened not only of a white rat, but also of rabbits, fur coats, and Santa Claus's beard. These fears illustrate
shaping.
spontaneous recovery.
stimulus generalization.
stimulus discrimination.
Question 10 : Which of the following pairs is an important element of behavioristic theories?
Thoughts and perceptions
Attention and problem solving
Stimuli and responses
Anticipation and imagination
Question 11 : Which of the following is an example of symbolic modeling?
Practicing a song on the piano after seeing your piano teacher play it
Eating spinach after seeing Popeye eat it
Cooking an omelet after seeing your Mom make one
Shooting free throws after watching your roommate make five in a row
Question 12 : A peanut is placed in the bottom of a tube in a chimpanzee's cage. The chimpanzee cannot reach the peanut or manipulate the tube. After trying unsuccessfully to reach in the tube, the chimpanzee suddenly runs to a drinking tube, fills his mouth with water, and spits in the tube until the peanut rises to a reachable level. The chimpanzee has solved this problem through
insight.
observational learning.
shaping.
negative reinforcement.
Question 13 : Rick loses his driver's license after being arrested for driving while intoxicated. This is an example of
negative punishment.
positive punishment.
negative reinforcement.
positive reinforcement.
Question 14 : Which statement about physical punishment is TRUE?
It can change a child's feelings about the punisher.
It is more effective than reinforcement.
It improves adjustment and behavior later in life.
It presents a guide for desirable behavior.
Question 15 : Whenever Ben wants time alone with his girlfriend, he puts a sock on the door knob of the dorm room he shares with Joey. If Joey comes in the room when the sock is on the door knob, Ben will yell at him. The sock is a
negative reinforcer.
discriminative stimulus.
unconditioned stimulus.
primary reinforcer.
Question 16 : You are one of seven finalists for a job. Because of the primacy effect, you know that you will make the biggest impression if you are the _____ person interviewed.
third
fifth
first
seventh
Question 17 : Which of the following is an example of a three-letter stimulus used by Ebbinghaus in his study of working memory?
rug
gur
nfl
cat
Question 18 : Which of the following is TRUE?
IQ tests typically measure creativity.
IQ predicts success in school.
IQ tests favor minority groups.
IQ does not change.
Question 19 : Approximately 17% of people have an IQ
above 115.
above 100.
below 40.
between 85 and 115.
Question 20 : Your teacher reads a list of 12 words, and then asks you to say, in any order, as many of them as you can remember. Your teacher is testing your
paired associate learning.
cued recall.
serial recall.
free recall.
Question 21 : Janice, who supervises 100 employees, learned Robby's name because of Robby's red tie. In fact, Janice thinks of him as "Robby Red Tie." When Robby stops wearing his red tie, Janice has trouble remembering Robby's name. This forgetting is due to
retroactive interference.
proactive interference.
distortion.
retrieval cue failure.
Question 22 : Vincent has been a football coach at Faber College since 1990. Recently, all the players on the 1990 team visited him to honor his time at the school. Because Vincent has coached so many other players since then, he has trouble remembering all the names of the players from 1990. His forgetting is due to
retroactive interference.
proactive interference.
distortion.
retrieval cue failure.
Question 23 : Stern's rubber-band hypothesis helps explain the relationship between _____ and _____ in determining intelligence.
genes; race
genes; neurotransmitters
experience; neurotransmitters
experience; genes
Question 24 : Which of the following summarizes the Flynn effect?
IQ throughout the world has been increasing approximately 3 points per decade.
IQ throughout the world has been decreasing approximately 3 points per decade.
IQ has been steadily increasing in the United States but decreasing in Europe.
IQ has been steadily decreasing in the United States but increasing throughout the rest of the world.
Question 25 : The belief that intelligence can improve through work and effort is known as _____ theory.
entity
incremental
distortion
fading
Question 26 : Your new bathroom scale tells you that your weight is 12 pounds every time you get on it. This scale is
valid but not reliable.
neither reliable nor valid.
reliable and valid.
reliable but not valid.
Question 27 : _____ is an encoding technique that works best if distributed over days rather than hours.
Rehearsal
Elaboration
Imagery
Organization
Question 28 : Dizygotic twins are
the result of fertilization by one sperm of one egg.
the result of fertilization by one sperm of two eggs.
also known as fraternal twins.
also known as identical twins.
Question 29 : Natasha is 8-years-old but is performing at the level of a 10-year-old. Her IQ is
80.
95.
110.
125.
Question 30 : Event-related potential illustrates _____, while event-related fields illustrate _____.
memory of words; memory of numbers
memory of numbers; memory of words
electrical activity in the brain; changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain
changes resulting from electrical activity in the brain; electrical activity in the brain