Questions -
Q1. If star A is five magnitudes brighter than star B. The brightness of star A is how many times greater than star B? A difference of one magnitude equals an intensity difference of 2.51.
a. 10.000 times
b. 1.000 times
c. 100 times
d. 5 times
e. undetermined unless the star's distance is known
Q2. The absolute magnitude of a star is
a. its combined photographic and visual magnitudes.
b. the brightness of the star as it appears to the unaided eye.
c. the brightness of the star at a distance of 10 parsecs from the sun.
d. the magnitude of the star computed for a distance of one AU from the sun.
e. the magnitude which a star would possess if we were absolutely sure of its distance from the sun.
Q3. Pick the best answer. The absolute magnitude of a star directly allows astronomers to easily understand that star's
a. mass.
b. true brightness or luminosity.
c. brightness observed from the Earth.
d. size.
e. temperature.
f. apparent magnitude
Q4. One parsec is a unit of distance
a. that light travels in one year.
b. of one astronomical unit (just another term, but more uncommonly used).
c. of the Andromeda Galaxy from the sun.
d. created by a parallax angle of one second of arc subtended over a baseline of one astronomical unit.
e. that light would travel along a straight line during the period of 32.616 years.
f. with a value of 3.26 light years when expressed to three significant numbers.
Q5. Consider two stars. The temperature of one of the stars is twice as great as the temperature of the second star. Which statement is true?
a. The stars could be essentially called black bodies.
b. Regardless of the temperatures, both stars would be visible to the unaided eye.
c. The cooler star would not be emitting any radiation in the more energetic ultra-violate portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
d. The star with the higher temperature would be emitting more energy at all wavelength than the cooler star.
e. The star at the lower temperature would be emitting its maximum amount of energy a shorter wavelength than the hotter star.
Q6. Which one of the named stars has the highest surface temperature?
a. Betelgeuse
b. Vega
c. Procyon B
d. Sirius A
e. Sirius B
c. Deneb
Q7. What will be the ultimate fate of the three main sequence stars named in the H-R diagram?
a. supernovas
b. black holes
c. white holes
d. white dwarfs
e. red giants
f. red supergiants
Q8. Was Procyon B ever a main sequence star?
a. yes
b. no
Q9. Predict the next lire stage into which the star Vega will evolve?
a. planetary nebula
b. red giant
c. blue giant
d. black hole
e. supernova
f. brown dwarf
Q10. What will be the probable fate of Betelgeuse after it goes supernova?
a. neutron star
b. white dwarf
c. blue giant
d. black hole
e. supernova
f. hypernova
Q11. One tyoe if star detonation is initiated by the presence of an iron core because
a. iron cannot undergo nuclear reactions to from heavier elements.
b. further nuclear synthesis is endothermic (requires energy) rather than an exothermic (releases energy) process.
c. iron is the most massive element on the Periodic Table of the Elements and therefore, the star's last hope to sustain itself through thermonuclear fusion.
d. iron spontaneously breaks apart into heavier nuclei which, because of the high core temperature, quickly fuses into heavier elements, thus releasing a tremendous surge of energy which blows the star apart.
e. iron causes thermonuclear fusion to stop inside the star's core, creating core collapse, which triggers the supernova event.
f. iron makes the core magnetic.
Q12. Six billion wars ago, the heavier atoms found in your body were most probably
a. in the star we call the sun, undergoing fusion reactions.
b. part of the planet Earth.
c. part of a Previous generation star, that went supernova.
d. part of the hot fireball that created the universe.
e. contained in a small white dwarf star.
Q13. Whether a star becomes a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole is considered to depend upon its remaining
a. mass.
b. density.
c. metal abundance.
d. amount of helium it contains.
e. brightness.
f. luminosity.
Q14. In order for a star to evolve into a black hole
a. its mass must be less than one solar mass.
b. its remaining core mass must be greater than 3.5 solar masses.
c. the escape velocity from the collapsed star must exceed the speed of light.
d. all objects must eventually be sucked into the black hole.
e. the progenitor (original) star must have gone supernova.
f. the progenitor stars must have acquired additional mass from another star in a binary system.
Q15. An astronomer plots the appropriate characteristics of many stars in a cluster to create an H-R diagram. She/he finds that the most luminous O and B stars have reached the main sequence, but that the F, G, K, and M stars are to the right of this area. From this information the astronomer can conclude that
a. the cluster is about the same age as our sun.
b. the cluster is old, since some stars have already moved away from the main sequence to evolve into other objects.
c. the cluster is young, since some stars have not yet arrived on the main sequence.
d. all of the stars in the cluster were born at the same time.
e. low mass stars form first.
Q16. The way the stars look in the Hubble Space Telescope image shown below, immediately tells the viewer that this instrument has (a) ________.
Q17. The inventor of the telescope was a Dutch lens grinder who really made "spectacle" of himself His name was
a. Isaac Newton
b. Hans Lippershey
c. Johannes Kepler
d. Galileo Galilei
e. John Dollond
f. Edward (Ed) Norton
Q18. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: You are a very poor Moravian College student who wants to purchase an all-purpose telescope to view and maybe even photograph a certain significant other from your dorm window. What funny thing might you be prompted to do? Take your mind out of the gutter and think astronomically, please!
a. Post a lot of bail and hire a good lawyer...
b. Hang upside-down like a bat from the ceiling of your dorm room for a better view...
c. Wear your sunglasses at night...
d. Charge admission to your friends to pay for the telescope...
e. Use the flip and rotate tools when digitally processing your images...
Q19. Two answers required: Considering that the following telescopes have the same apertures and exactly the same eyepieces, which focal ratio will produce the lowest magnification and therefore the widest field of view and which focal ratio will give the highest magnification and the smallest field of view? Your answers must be in its correct order, first lower magnification, than higher magnification.
a. F/4
b. F/5
c. F/7
d. F/10
e. F/15
Q20. The construction of the two 10 meter aperture Keck binocular reflectors on Mauna Kea Observatory on the Big Island in Hawaii was conceived for what TWO reasons? Keep in mind they are about 100 meters apart from each other.
a. increased light-gathering ability
b. increased resolution
c. increased contrast
d. increased magnification
e. increased definition
INSTRUCTIONS - The following answers will apply to the next four questions. Each statement begins with, "I am a telescope with a ... " known the light paths and the optical elements for the following telescope if you want to be successful in this section of the quiz.
a. Schmidt-Cassegrain reflector
b. Newtonian reflector
c. Cassegrain reflector
d. Maksutov reflector
e. Astronomical refractor
f. Galilean refractor
Q21. I am a telescope with a parabolic mirror that is 6-inches in diameter and 24 Inches in focal length. My secondary mirror is a flat piece of aluminized glass and tilted at an angle of 45 degrees. This miner reflects the construing light cone through a hole in the upper portion of my tube. I am a (an)...
Q22. I am a telescope with a midsized tube length and a parabolic mirror that la 6-inches in diameter and 72-inehts in focal length. My tube is open to the night air and I have a secondary mirror which is a convex piece of aluminized glass supported by a four-vane spider which reflects the converging light beam back through a hole in my primary mirror. I am a (an)...
Q23. I am a telescope with a double convex lens followed by a plano-concave lens, more commonly known as a crown and a flint. Light passes through these two lenses and is brought to a focus about 12 times the diameter of my aperture in back of these two lenses. In profile I appear narrow with respect to my length. I am a (an)...
Q24. I am a telescope with a spherical primary mirror and an aperture of 6-ionches in diameter and 72-inches in focal length. My secondary mirror is a convex piece of aluminized glass attached to a corrector plate which reflects the converging light beam back through a hole in my primary mirror. My tube length is very short. I am a (an)..
Q25. The magnitude scale quantified by 19th century astronomers was first used by the Greeks over two thousand years ago. Choose the statement which INCORRECTLY describes the current system that is being used today.
a. Faint stars visible to the unaided eye are just as important to the magnitude system as the stars which are easily seen with the unaided eye.
b. A change in one magnitude represented a doubling or a halving of the light intensity of that star, similar to the way the eye interprets changes in intensity.
c. The brighter the star, the more negative the magnitude.
d. The brightnesses of the planets, the sun, and the moon were never considered by 19th century astronomers.
e. A difference in five magnitudes represented an intensity change of 100.
Q26. Identify a correct statement about the following cartoon. Please read the cartoon's caption at the bottom of the picture.
a. The telescope being used is a refractor on an equatorial mount.
b. The telescope being used is a reflector on an equatorial mount.
c. Bryon's children may have seen an image that was perverted.
d. The finder scope looks like it is misaligned.
e. The kids may have become agitated when they discovered two full moons in the same field of view.
Q27. The object in the list below with the brightest apparent magnitude is
a. Venus (-4.4).
b. Sirius (-1.46).
c. Polaris (+1.99).
d. Jupiter (-2.5).
e. Alpha Centauri (-0.29).
f. Seginus (+3.04).
Q28. An amateur astronomer who is interested in viewing the sky at different magnifications would most likely
a. own a variety of different eyepieces.
b. possess a telescope with multiple finder scopes attached to the main instrument.
c. own many different types of telescopes.
d. own eyepieces with similar focal lengths but with varying apparent fields of view.
Q29. What is the PRIMARY reason why astronomers are so hung up about building bigger and bigger telescopes?
a. It is a compensating factor for anatomical deficiencies which most astronomers possess.
b. They want to see deeper and deeper into space.
c. They want to be able to separate objects which are closer and closer together.
d. They want to be able to see images which are clearer and sharper.
e. They want to see objects at higher and higher magnifications.
f. They want to observe their images in wider fields of view so they can see other objects of interest at the same time.
Q30. To an astronomer with his or her telescope ready to go out and observe the night sky, "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" means
a. How I wonder what you are.
b. Like a diamond in the night
c. The observing conditions are out of sight (perfect).
d. Stay inside for the rest of the night.
e. Sleep until dawn's earn light.