Problem:
Many proteins have similar structures. The basis for this is often gene duplication. A gene gets copied in the genome and then evolves independently to obtain a different function while retaining an overall similar structure to the original protein (gene product). Enzymes are proteins that have an "active site" - a site within the protein that binds a substrate, undergoes an enzymatic reaction, and converts the substrate to a product. Discuss how the following mutations in the active site of a protein can lead to different specificities in substrate recognition ,
discussing what different properties the substrate would have for the original gene versus a duplicated gene with the following mutations .
A. An isoleucine to alanine mutation.
B. A valine to threonine mutation.
C. Tyrosine to phenylalanine.
Give description of these .