Complete the following:
Gain Compliance with the Law
TRUE/FALSE
1. Crime control policies have traditionally relied on external authority, such as law enforcement and punitive sentence, but procedural justice policies seek to cultivate internally based voluntary obligation
2. Where you have lawfulness you always find legitimacy.
3. Domestic violence offenders had lower recidivism rates when they felt they were treated fairly in the criminal justice system.
4. Procedural justice issues appear to contribute to law-abiding behavior in terms of minor offenses but the effect on serious crimes is not yet known.
5. The most important injustices are the visible action of police that involve beat meetings.
6. Research evidence shows the injustice of racial bias in the criminal justice system to be perceived but not real.
7. In response to the overreach of criminal behavior, some have recommended the law be used sparingly and focus on high consensus offenses that cause harm.
8. A lack of consensus over criminal behavior contributes to the appearance of arbitrary law enforcement which can result in cynicism about law enforcement.
9. The practical consequences of making certain behavior illegal include the development of criminal syndicates as well as the possibility of corruption of the criminal justice system.
10. The flawed crime control strategy underlying decriminalization of public order offenses assumes it would give police more time to concentrate on serious crimes.
11. Thirty seven states prohibit sodomy, but the remaining states have decriminalized it.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ultimate goal of the CJS and other social institutions is to
maintain an orderly society
hold people accountable for their actions
help people adjust to their social environment
maintain the economic and political social order
all of the above
2. The difference between traditional crime control policies and procedural justice policies is
procedural justice policies demand rigorous evidence-based evaluations of their effectiveness whereas traditional crime control policies did not
liberals and conservatives conflicted over traditional crime control policies but are largely in agreement when it comes to procedural justice policies
traditional policies rely on external coercion to get people to obey the law whereas procedural justice policies seek to cultivate voluntary compliance with the law
traditional crime control policies tend to be expensive to implement and subject to evasion by the courtroom workgroup whereas procedural justice policies are not
3. Tyler argues that a critical factor in people's complying with the law is
they are aware of the law
they understand the consequences
perceived legitimacy of the law
all of the above
4. What is the difference between lawfulness and legitimacy?
the two terms can be used interchangeably
lawfulness refers to liberal policies while legitimacy refers to conservative policies
lawfulness refers to citizens while legitimacy refers to the justice system
lawfulness refers to behavior while legitimacy refers to perception
5. _____(1)_____ involves case outcomes while _____(2)_____ depends on how people feel they were treate
(1) lawfulness (2) legitimacy
(1) distributive justice (2) procedural justice
(1) legitimacy (2) cumulative disadvantage
(1) procedural justice (2) perception
6. One of the key variables in people's satisfaction with a system is the sense that
they have an opportunity to participate and express their point of view
it does not rely on coercive authority as a mechanism for gaining compliance
the system promotes the greatest good for the greatest number
the system itself displays lawful behavior
7. In studies of procedural justice, it was found that offenders who perceived they were treated fairly by criminal justice agents
recidivated at a higher rate
were more likely to accept plea negotiations without an attorney
impacted their level of satisfaction and recidivism rates
only committed minor offenses
8. Tyler's research found that a sense of justice contributes to law-abiding behavior, but a limitation of the study was that he only asked people about what?
juvenile delinquency
domestic violence
victimless crimes
minor offenses
9. The importance of procedural justice in relation to people's perceptions has been examined in which part(s) of the criminal justice system?
law enforcement
law enforcement and sentencing
trial proceedings
sentencing and reentry
10. Examples of building relations with the community include
domestic violence treatment programs
sex offender notification
community policing and citizen oversight
juries
11. Racial profiling appears to be
perceived by communities and supported by research evidence
compliant as well as lawful with police departments tracking incidents
not conclusively supported by data, but police departments take proactive steps to reduce incidents
the product of unlawful discrimination
12. There is evidence of significant racial disparity in the enforcement of
murder
gambling
burglary
drugs
13. Decriminalization has generally been a _____(1)_____ policy recommendation, but a number of prominent _____(2)_____ now support the legalization of drugs.
(1) conservative (2) liberals
(1) public (2) police chiefs
(1) liberal (2) conservatives
(1) police chief's (2) liberals
14. Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding decriminalization?
decriminalizing all forms of sports betting has been suggested, but not casino gambling
decriminalizing the purchase, possession and use of cocaine but not marijuana has been suggested
decriminalization of sexual activity between adults and between an adult and a 16 year old has been suggested
decriminalization of public drunkenness has been suggested, but not drunk driving
15. The basic assumption underlying decriminalization is the belief that the criminal law in the United States covers __________ behavior.
the wrong
too much
immoral
old fashioned
16. The overreach of the criminal law has several undesirable consequences including
an overburdened justice system with fewer resources for serious crimes
a lack of public consensus over criminalized behavior
a black market and police corruption
all of the above
none of the above
17. A lack of public consensus over criminalized behavior that results from the overreach of the criminal law relates to
lawfulness
procedural justice
legitimacy
distributive justice
18. Many public health experts believe the problems associated with drinking, gambling and sex should be addressed
as social, psychological and medical problems
through strategies involving threats and coercive authority
by the criminal justice system
these are private choices that should not be addressed by the CJS
19. The terms of the decriminalization debate involve what?
whether the law should express basic values of society
the role of the criminal law and moral standards
responding to dramatic values shifts from generation to generation
which ideological beliefs are held by liberals and conservatives
20. The issue regarding the use of the criminal law to express the values of society is
whether this is outdated view of the law that should be modified through decriminalization
whether a government has enough power to change the values of its citizens
Not whether the law should express the values but which values to express
How to criminalize only those behaviors that are considered morally wrong
all of the above
21. Select the most accurate statement regarding the impact of decriminalizing public disorder crimes.
research on zero-tolerance policing indicates that decriminalization will lead to an increase in serious crimes
research on policing indicates that the attempt to decriminalize would be evaded by police and would simply lead to arrests for alternative offenses
decriminalization saves police time and resources but this will not translate to a reduction in serious crime
decriminalization has already been mandated under Easter v. District of Columbia and early research indicates a reduction in serious crime
22. Arrest trends regarding public order offenses indicate that
they have contributed substantially to crime declines in New York City
police have been evading the mandate set forth in Easter v. District of Columbia
they have recently been on the upswing in large urban areas
they have been de-emphasized by police for many years
23. The decriminalization of abortion in the U.S.
occurred in the 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade
occurred in the 1966 Supreme Court decision Easter v. District of Columbia
has already begun informally as the number of arrests has fallen for years
could never garner enough public support to occur
24. Decriminalization of which type of offense has been argued to have contributed to the recent crime drop?
public disorder crimes
sex between consenting adults
gambling
abortion
25. Sodomy laws
were declared constitutional in Lawrence v. Texas
were declared unconstitutional in Lawrence v. Texas
were declared constitutional in Easter v. District of Columbia
were declared unconstitutional in Easter v. District of Columbia
26. The form of sex between consenting adults that may be connected to predatory crime is
sodomy
fornication
homosexuality
prostitution
27. In states that have created lotteries and authorized casino gambling
many popular forms of illegal gambling continue to flourish
police resources have been freed to focus on more serious crime
evidence consistently indicates that legalized gambling leads to higher crime rates
The legitimacy of the CJS has increased for Native American tribes
28. Benefits of decriminalizing gambling include
a consistent decline in predatory crime
undercutting the economic basis of organized crime
the tendency to also decriminalize prostitution
there are no benefits to decriminalizing gambling
29. The argument that legal gambling leads to an increase in crime is
substantiated by the data collected
less likely to occur in casinos run by Native Americans
more likely to occur in cities with riverboat gambling
unsubstantiated as there is no consistent evidence of the connection