Problem
I. What are gametes? Where are they produced? What is a zygote?
II. What are the primary and secondary organs of males and females? What are secondary sex characteristics?
III. How many chromosomes do our gametes have? What are the typical sex chromosomes for males and females?
IV. What is the difference between genetic, gonadal and phenotypic sex? Discuss how these may not align. What determines the expression of the male phenotype?
V. Describe the following conditions:
i. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (aka hyperandrogenism)
ii. Androgen Insensitivity
iii. DHT (5 alpha reductase) deficiency
VI. List the pathway of regulation of male and female sex hormone production (hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal hormones). What are the functions of these hormones?
VII. Describe the difference in cell division between mitosis and meiosis?
VIII. Where does spermatogenesis occur? What is the product of spermatogenesis? What hormones are required for spermatogenesis to occur?
IX. Explain the major events in the ovaries and uterus during the female reproductive cycle, including pre-ovulatory and post-ovulatory events. How do hormones play a role in the ovaries and in the uterus?
X. In a typical 28 day cycle, when would a woman be most fertile (i.e. when does ovulation occur)? What triggers ovulation?
XI. What is a follicle? What role do they play within the ovarian cycle? What effect does the ovary have on events that occur in the uterus? What hormones are involved? Fertilization and Pregnancy
XII. Where does fertilization occur? List the ejaculatory path and the accessory organs that contribute to the ejaculate.
XIII. What is a blastocyst? Where does implantation occur? If fertilization and implantation occur, what hormones is secreted by the developing embryo?
XIV. What are the methods used to detect ovulation? How can this help couples trying to conceive?
XV. List and briefly what is involved in a vasectomy or tubal ligation. How are these used as birth control methods? What are some other common methods of birth control and how do they work?