Assignment: MIPS Assembly & Machine Language
Questions
1) Consider the two binary numbers given below:
0010 0100 1001 0010 0100 1001 0010 01002
1000 0000 0000 1111 0000 1111 0101 00002
a. What base 10 number does each binary number represent, assuming that it is an unsigned integer? Show the conversion process.
b. What base 10 number does each binary number represent, assuming that it is a two's complement integer? Show the conversion process.
c. What hexadecimal number does each binary number represent? Show the conversion process.
2) Consider the two base 10 numbers given below:
-1
1024
a. Convert each decimal number to 2's complement binary using
I. 8 bits,
II. 16 bits and
III. 32 bits.
b. Represent each binary number in part a in hexadecimal.
3) Registers $s0 and $s1 hold the values as shown in the table below. You will be asked to consider execution of MIPS assembly language instruction(s) which will use these two registers and analyze the result. Note that there are two cases as part a and part b in the below table.
a. $s0 = 0x80000000, $s1 = 0xD0000000
b. $s0 = 0x00000001, $s1 = 0xFFFFFFFF
a. For the contents of registers $s0 and $s1 as specified above, what is the value of $t0 following the execution of instruction below? Is the result in $t0 correct, or has there been overflow? Explain.
add $t0, $s0, $s1
b. For the contents of registers $s0 and $s1 as specified above, what is the value of $t0 following the execution of the assembly instruction below? Is the result in $t0 correct, or has there been overflow? Explain.
sub $t0, $s0, $s1
c. For the contents of registers $s0 and $s1 as specified above, what is the value of $t0 following the execution of the assembly code with two back-to-back instructions below? Is the result in
$t0 correct , or has there been overflow? Explain. add $t0, $s0, $s1
add $t0, $t0, $s0
4) In the following table, each row in the data table contains the values of various fields of a single MIPS instruction.
a. op=0, rs=3, rt=2, rd=3, shamt=0, funct=34
b. op=0x23, rs=1, rt=2, const=0x4
a. What type (I-type, R-type, or J-type) instruction do the instructions above represent? Explain.
b. What is the binary representation of the instructions above? Show the construction process ofor the machine language encoding.
c. What are the MIPS assembly instructions (in symbolic form) described above?
5) Consider the machine language encoding of instructions (in binary) given below.
a. 0000 0010 0001 0000 1000 0000 0010 0000
b. 0000 0001 0100 1011 0100 1000 0010 0010
a. What type (I-type, R-type, J-type) instruction do the binary entries above represent? Explain your reasoning.
b. For the binary entries above, what instruction do they represent? Show the analysis process that leads to a specific instruction in assembly or symbolic form.
6) Consider the MIPS instructions below.
a. addi $t0, $t0, 0
b. sw $t1, 32($t2)
a. What type (I-type, R-type, J-type) instruction do the instructions above represent?
b. For the instructions above, show the binary then hexadecimal representation of these instructions. You must show how you determine each subfield value in the machine encoding of each instruction.
7) Consider the values stored in indicated registers in the below table.
a. $t0 = 0xAAAAAAAA, $t1 = 0x12345678
b. $t0 = 0xF00DD00D, $t1 = 0x11111111
a. What is the value of $t2 for the following sequence of instructions? Explain in detail for each instruction.
sll $t2, $t0, 44 or $t2, $t2, $t1
b. What is the value of $t2 for the following sequence of instructions? Explain in detail for each instruction.
sll $t2, $t0, 4 andi $t2, $t2, -1
c. What is the value of $t2 for the following sequence of instructions? Explain in detail for each instruction.
srl $t2, $t0, 3
andi $t2, $t2, 0xFFEF
8) For these problems, the table holds various binary values for register $t0. Given the value of $t0, you will be asked to evaluate the outcome of different branches.
a. 0010 0100 1001 0010 0100 1001 0010 0100
b. 0101 1111 1011 1110 0100 0000 0000 0000
a. Suppose that register $t0 contains a value from above and $t1 has the value 0011 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000. Note the result of executing these instructions on particular registers. What is the value of $t2 after the following instructions? Explain.
slt $t2, $t0, $t1
beq $t2, $0, ELSE
j DONE
ELSE: addi $t2, $0, 2
DONE:
b. Suppose that register $t0 contains a value from the table above and is compared against the value X, as used in the MIPS instruction below. Note the format of the slti instruction. For what values of X, if any, will $t2 be equal to 1? Explain.
slti $t2, $t0, X
c. Suppose the program counter (PC) is set to 0x0000 0020.
i. Is it possible to use the jump MIPS assembly instruction to set the PC to the address as shown in the data table above? Explain your reasoning.
ii. Is it possible to use the branch-on-equal MIPS assembly instruction to set the PC to the address as shown in the data table above? Explain your reasoning.