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In vaccines, both B cells and T cells play a critical role. B cells ultimately are who make the antibodies, which help in fighting against pathogens in the body. When a vaccine is introduced, the B cells get "turned on" and start making antibodies specific to the antigens that the vaccine is introducing. Once those antibodies are made, they are carried through the blood stream and will neutralize the pathogens which keep them from infecting healthy cells. Antibodies also help other cells of the immune system to identify what is the pathogen in the body. B cells have "memory" which is crucial in providing long term immunity against pathogens.
A T Cell's job is to directly fight the pathogen infected cell. When it comes to vaccines, once the vaccine releases the antigen, then the T cells are put to work. There are two types of T cells. The first is a cytotoxic T Cell and these directly kill infected cells. The second is the Helper T Cells, which help other immune cells like B cells that help neutralize immune response cells. T cells, much like B cells help with long term immunity due to having "memory" as well.
B cells and T Cells work together with innate and adaptive immunity and inflammatory mediators by acting as signals between them. Need Assignment Help?