Assignment:
Write out the answers to these questions after reading the chapter and reviewing the Chapter Summary. If you simply think through the answer without writing it down, you won't retain much of your new learning.
1. Identify, locate, and describe the function of each of the following structures: SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers).
2. What does an electrocardiogram measure and record? List the normal ECG deflection waves and intervals. What do the various ECG waves represent?
3. What is meant by the term cardiac cycle?
4. List the "phases" of the cardiac cycle and briefly describe the events that occur in each.
5. What is meant by the term residual volume as it applies to the heart?
6. Describe and explain the origin of the heart sounds.
7. What is the primary determinant of arterial blood pressure?
8. List the two most important factors that indirectly determine arterial pressure by their influence on arterial volume
9. How is cardiac output determined?
10. List and give the effect of several factors, such as grief or pain, on heart rate.
11. What mechanisms control peripheral resistance? Cite an example of the operation of one or more parts of this mechanism to increase resistance and to decrease it.
12. Explain how antidiuretic hormone can change the total blood volume.
13. What is the effect of low blood pressure in relation to aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone secretion?
14. Describe the measurement of arterial blood pressure.
15. identify nine locations where the pulse point can be easily felt.
16. Describe the various types of cardiac dysrhythmias.