Assignment of a case study
Below are some details about the attachments and how to use them in my case study :
1. Microsoft world includes the case study and the Questions that should be solve.
2. PP slides present the lecture to understand more about the case study.
3. Format for each question should be starting with an Introduction , Body 1 ,Body 2 and conclusion .
Please note the following :
Each question is expected to be within 200 to 250 words.
Up to a maximum of 70% of the allocated mark for each question will be assigned for the accuracy and completeness of the answer.
Up to a maximum 30% of the mark will be allocated mainly but not limited on the demonstration of the following parameters:
- Structure of the response including clear introductory and concluding remarks with body.
- Showing of examples wherever applicable.
- Drawing graphs wherever applicable.
- Academic evidence supporting the argument.
- Logical flow and smooth transitions between arguments.
- Free of grammar and spelling errors along with appropriate writing style - clear and concise- easy and simple language
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
(a) Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Disney in France
(Source: Hill, C 2003, Global Business Today, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston pp. 118-119.)
Until 1992 the Walt Disney Company had experienced nothing but success in the theme park business. Its first park, Disneyland, opened in Anaheim, California, in 1955 and was an instant success. Its theme song, "It's a Small World After All", promoted "an idealized vision of America spiced with reassuring glimpses of exotic cultures all calculated to promote heart-warming feelings about living together as one happy family. There were dark tunnels and bumpy rides to scare the children a little but none of the terrors of the real world. The Disney characters that everyone knew from the cartoons and comic books were on hand to shepherd the guests and to direct them to the Mickey Mouse watches."
In the 1970s the triumph was repeated in Florida, and in 1983 Disney proved that the Japanese too have a real affinity for Mickey Mouse with the successful opening of Tokyo Disneyland. Having wooed the Japanese, in 1986 Disney executives turned their attention to Paris, the self-proclaimed capital of European high culture and style. "Why did they pick France?" many asked. When word first got out that Disney wanted to build another international theme park, officials from more than 200 locations all over the world descended on Disney with pleas and cash inducements to work the Disney magic in their hometowns. But Paris was chosen because of demographics and subsidies. About 17 million Europeans live less than a two-hour drive from Paris. Another 310 million can fly there in the same time or less. Also, the French government was so eager to attract Disney to Paris that it offered the company more than US $1 billion in various incentives, all in the expectation that the project would create 30,000 French jobs.
From the start cultural gaffes by Disney set the tone for the project. By late 1986 Disney was deep in negotiations with the French government. To the exasperation of the Disney team, headed by Joe Shapiro, the talks were taking far longer than expected. Jean-Rene Bernard, the chief French negotiator, said he was astonished when Mr. Shapiro, his patience ebbing, ran to the door of the room and in a very un-Gallic gesture, began kicking it repeatedly, shouting, "Get me something to break!"
There was also sniping from Parisian intellectuals who attacked the transplantation of Disney's dream world as an assault on French culture: "a cultural Chernobyl," one prominent intellectual called it. The minister of culture announced he would boycott the opening, proclaiming it to be an unwelcome symbol of American clichés and a consumer society. Unperturbed, Disney pushed ahead with the planned summer 1992 opening of the US $5 billion park. Soon after Euro-Disneyland opened, French farmers drove their tractors to the entrance and blocked it. This globally televised act of protest was aimed not at Disney but at the US government, which had been demanding that French agricultural subsidies be cut. Still, it focused world attention on the loveless marriage of Disney and Paris.
Then there were the operational errors. Disney's policy of serving no alcohol in the park, since reversed, caused astonishment in a country where a glass of wine for lunch is a given. Disney thought that Monday would be a light day for visitors and Friday a heavy one and allocated staff accordingly; but the reality was the reverse. Another unpleasant surprise was the hotel breakfast debacle. "We were told that Europeans ‘don't take breakfast,' so we downsized the restaurants," recalled one Disney executive. "And guess what? Everybody showed up for breakfast. We were trying to serve 2,500 breakfasts in a 350-seat restaurant at some of the hotels. The lines were horrendous. Moreover, they didn't want the typical French breakfast of croissants and coffee, which was our assumption. They wanted bacon and eggs." Lunch turned out to be another problem. "Everybody wanted lunch at 12:30. The crowds were huge. Our smiling cast members had to calm down surly patrons and engage in some ‘behaviour modification' to teach them that they could eat lunch at 11am to 2pm."
There were major staffing problems too. Disney tried to use the same teamwork model with its staff that had worked so well in America and Japan, but it ran into trouble in France. In the first nine weeks of Euro-Disneyland's operation, roughly 1,000 employees, 10 percent of the total left. One former employee was a 22-year old medical student from a nearby town who signed up for a weekend job. After two days of "brainwashing," as he called Disney's training, he left following a dispute with his supervisor over the timing of his lunch hour. Another former employee noted, "I don't think that they realized what Europeans were like....that we ask questions and don't think all the same way."
One of the biggest problems, however, was that Europeans didn't stay as long at the park as Disney expected. While Disney succeeded in getting close to 9 million visitors a year through the park gates, in line with its plans, most stayed only a day or two. Few stayed the four to five days that Disney had hoped for. Most Europeans regard theme parks as places for day excursions, not as destinations for an extended vacation. This was a big shock for Disney; the company had invested billion of dollars in building luxury hotels next to the park-hotels the day-trippers didn't need and that stood half empty most of the time. To make matters worse, the French didn't show up in the expected numbers. In 1994 only 40 percent of the park's visitors were French. One puzzled executive noted that many visitors were Americans living in Europe or, stranger still, Japanese on a European vacation. As a result, by the end of 1994 Euro-Disneyland had cumulative losses of US $2 billion.
At this point Euro-Disney changed its strategy. First, the company changed the name to Disneyland Paris in an attempt to strengthen the park's identity. Second, food and fashion offerings were changed. To quote one manager, "We opened with restaurants providing French-style food service, but we found that customers wanted self-service like in the US parks. Similarly, products in the boutiques were initially toned down for the French market, but since then the range has changed to give it a more definite Disney image." Third, the prices for day tickets and hotel rooms were cut by one-third. The result was an attendance of 11.7 million in 1996, up from a low of 8.8 million in 1994.
Briefly describe the following terms
Polychromic and Monochromic cultures
Low Context and High context culture
QUESTIONS
(i) What assumptions did Disney make about the tastes and preferences of French consumers? Which of these assumptions were correct? Which were not?
(ii) How might Disney have had a more favourable initial experience in France? What steps might it have taken to reduce the mistakes associated with the launch of Euro-Disney?
(iii) In retrospect, was France the best choice for the location of Euro-Disney?