Problem
Explain each answer in a step-by-step explanation.
A. Dr. Hale explains that evolution involves changes from "generation to generation" in "heritable characteristics". Based on this description, what kind of features can change by evolution? Would changes that take place in a single individual be considered evolution? If I lift weights for years and become very strong and muscular, have I evolved? Why or why not?
B. What are some examples of some features that can vary within a single species? How might some variations be better suited to a particular environment? What determines which traits are "selected" for, and why does it occur?
C. When would we consider two individuals to be members of the same species or members of two different species? Is there some rule we can use to determine if they are members of separate species or not? Based on this reasoning, how would you define the term "species"?
D. What is speciation? What are the two ways that this process occurs? You can find a good explanation of species and the process of speciation in section 11.4 of the textbook.
E. How is an evolutionary tree, or phylogeny, similar to a family tree you might construct for your family? What do evolutionary trees and family trees show?
F. What kinds of evidence can we use to determine how species are related to each other?
G. All carnivores are thought to be descended from a common ancestor. Is that ancestor, in its original form alive today? Why or why not? Think about your reasoning.