Question 1: What is differential access?
The difference between female and male gangs in level of violence.
The difference between adult and juvenile courts/offenders.
A new dispute resolution technique, which allows community groups to adjudicate criminal cases.
The difference between how the affluent and how the disadvantaged experience justice (and other social issues).
Question 2: "Disproportionate minority contact" has been defined as:
representation of minorities from arrest through disposition.
the representation of minorities in jails and prisons.
the proportion of arrests of minorities.
the number of minorities represented by public defenders.
Question 3: In order to help with the increasingly complicated rights, opportunities, options, and obligations facing crime victims, jurisdictions in the near future are likely to:
establish more reimbursement options for victims' out-of-pocket expenses.
rely solely on dedicated volunteers to assist victims.
provide a victim advocate at no cost.
will do nothing at all.
Question 4: Television writers of law-related dramas (i.e. CSI) assert:
hyper-realistic depiction of the criminal justice system.
nuanced look at crime and punishment.
false sense of closure regarding cases.
a real sense of real life.
Question 5: The most promising strategies to prevent youth from engaging in delinquency or to deter future offending are those that:
focus on court-based interventions.
focus on parental education programs.
focus on school based programs.
combine courts, law enforcement, family, school, and community programs.
Question 6: What has Phillip Jenkins found in his research?
Most crime is committed by white, middle-class people.
Media can invent "crime waves" and contribute to false panic.
Females actually commit more crimes than do males.
Media is correctly reporting on drug-related crimes.
Question 7: Which courts have shown a sustained commitment to revive the concept of restitution by offenders to the parties they have harmed?
Some juvenile courts
The Supreme Court
The Fifth Circuit Court
Gun courts
Question 8: Youth join gangs:
only when they are economically disadvantaged.
because they are drug addicts.
when social conditions are at its best.
because the gang serves as an extended family.
Question 9: A term used by the author to describe the media creating humor and interest out of otherwise mediocre cases is__________.
entertainment
judicial coverage
infotainment
infomercial
Question 10: The growing de-emphasis of juvenile offenders' "amenability to treatment" and the growth of policies focused instead on "public safety" in the 1980s were spurred by:
the reduction in the use of crack cocaine.
a growing number of youth gangs.
the lack of problems with illegal guns.
public safety was not a factor in the 1980s.
Question 11: What are the pros and cons of juvenile transfer laws?
Question 12: "There are two widely held assumptions concerning the effects of the media on the public's perception of crime and criminality. The first assumes that the mass media are the prime sources of understanding in the areas. The second assumption is that the media present erroneous and distorted information about crime." Has the research supported or refuted these assumptions?