Multiple questions:
1. Which of the following are definitions of a group?
• A number of individuals who join together to achieve a goal.
• A collection of individuals who are interdependent in some way.
• A social unit consisting of two or more persons who perceive themselves as belonging to a group.
• A collection of individuals who are trying to satisfy some personal need through their joint association.
• all of the above
2.What distinguishes humans as a species from other animals?
• our size
• our speed
• our ability to engage in cooperative enterprises
• our hearts
3.When it comes to group functioning, ______ does give power.
• empathy
• size
• skill
• knowledge
4. Much of the research on groups has used ____________ as the unit of analysis.
• period of time the group has existed
• group values
• number of members
• individual members
5. A ___________ is a person who is skilled enough to both participate in group work and observe group process at the same time.
• know-it-all
• observer
• stenographer
• participant-observer
6. This class is a learning situation. To experience psychological success in this learning situation, what is one for the necessary factors, according to Lewin?
• the opportunity to practice new skills until they become habitual behaviors
• a belief that you are in control of, or can influence, your own learning
• extrinsic motivators that encourage further learning
• role-play exercises that postitively affect attitudes and behavior
7.Knowledge of ___________ has the potential to change the way we think about and function in groups.
• group development
• group dysfunction
• group dynamics
• group paradox
8.Procedural learning is based on _________.
• book learning
• observational learning
• experiential learning
• none of the above
9. Most group developmental change theories take one of two approaches. They are:
• structured change theories and haphazard change theories
• constructive change theories and recurring-phase theories
• conflict resolution theories and sequential-stage theories
• recurring-phase theories and sequential-stage theories
10.In a skill-training program, it is helpful for the coordinator to know the following information about the participants:
• expectations
• experience
• needs
• vital data
• all of the above
WK 2
1. In analyzing the communication within a group, what levels of interaction would you try to observe?
Who speaks most, who speaks to whom, and how speaking takes place
Frequency and length of interaction, and triggers for conflict
Frequency and length, patterns of triggering, and who speaks to whom
Patterns of conflict, patterns of support, and patterns of reaction
2. Research documenting the value of diversity has focused primarily on a(n) ___________ performance on a variety of tasks.
group's
individual's
animal's
family's
3. Why is humor important to effective group communication?
humor promotes cohesiveness and reduces tension
humor breaks the ice and gives one person the spotlight
humor provides a segue to intimate, personal intra-group relationships.
all of the above
4. What is modern racism?
belief that associates a whole group of people with certain traits
belief that most other people share your stereotypes
subtle forms of prejudice in which people appear, on the surface, not to harbor prejudice but actually do hold prejudice attitudes.
tendency to regard one's own ethnic group, nation, religion, culture, or gender as being more correct than others.
5. How can you minimize the possibility of miscommunication?
avoid adjectives that spotlight specific groups and imply that the individual is an exception
avoid terms that define, demean, or devalue others
negotiate for meaning whenever you think the other person misinterpreted what you said.
all of the above.
6. __________ is any element that interferes with the communication process.
message
receivers
noise
interactions
7.____________ communication occurs when a person feels threatened or anticipates a threat.
verbal
offensive
defensive
nonverbal
8. A(n) _________ is a person who translates and interprets messages, information, and new developments to groupmates.
translator
gatekeeper
leader
psychologist
9. The pattern of a group communication network can affect the flow of information, the way problems are solved, and the satisfaction of group members. The more complex the task, the more important it is that:
The circle or wheel pattern is the form of network used
Certain patterns, such as Y, be avoided
There be more open communication patterns
An open pattern with a designated hierarchy be used
10. Based on your reading in this chapter, what can be concluded as the best way to cope with the diversity of people in groups?
Student Answer: Attempt to control group composition so as to reach the most optimal level of diversity.
Follow research-based recommendations for using heterogeneous groups.
Strive to maximize the positive, and minimize the negative consequences of diversity.
Perform further research on multiple attributes such as gender, age, and cognitive style.
WK 3
1. What are some examples of widespread oppression?
slavery
apartheid
genocide
all of the above
2. How many "bases" of power are there?
2
6
4
8
3. Growth takes ____________, not ____________.
leadership, management
management, leadership
innate abilities, inborn abilities
telling, selling
4.__________ are your ability to help the group achieve its goals and maintain effective working relationships among members.
managing skills
leadership skills
following skills
hindering skills
5.Rex is in a high-level management position at his company. He believes that he was born with the capacity to influence others, and that his innate social abilities have led to his success on the job. What approach to power does Rex's opinion exemplify?
inborn influence
social exchange
trait-power
trait-factor
6. Alina is the leader of a small group. She is usually considerate, encouraging, and engaged with the other members of the group and the decisions that are made. Occasionally though, she lets the group make decisions without her. Alina's leadership style could be described as:
Autocratic with elements of democracy
generally democratic, sometimes laissez-faire
typically laissez-faire, occasionally autocratic
democratic with instances fo permissiveness
7. _________ defined leadership as the ability to move the masses (through peruasion or violence).
Ho Chi Minh
Niccolo Machiavelli
Julius Caesar
Adolf Hitler
8. _________ embodies a leader whose actions spoke louder than words.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Harriet Tubman
Fred Fiedler
Robert Bales
9. "Power exists in relationships, not in individuals, and constructive use of power requires a cooperative context." These principles are the basis for what theory?
the trait-factor approach to power
the dynamic-interdependence approach to power
constructive/destructive relationship theory
social exchange theory
10. The "great-person" theory implies that _________.
great leaders are made and developed
all the really great leaders have already lived and died
great leaders are born and discovered
great leaders don't exist.
MGT 415 - Wk 4
1. Typically, ________ rather than _________ make more effective decisions.
children; adults
individuals; groups
groups; individuals
men; women
2. If the members of your group were trying to decide on a course of action and experienced the risky shift phenomenon, what would be occurring?
group members would have agreed to shift responsibilities within the group among members
decisions selected by the group would generally be towards the action which pose the greatest risk
risk-takers within the group would shift to being more conservative, and vice-versa
the group consensus would shift over time from more risky actions to more cautious actions.
3. A(n) __________ may be as simple as two group members being physically near one another or as complex as two members being in competition.
internal barrier
external barrier
triggering event
indirect aggression
4. ____________ is one or more group member assigned the role of challenging the testimony of all those who support the majority opinion.
outside expert
impartial leadership
Devil's advocate
nonconforming entity
5. In discussion among group members, Lee tries to maintain good relationships and to maximize joint benefits. How would you characterize Lee's interaction?
as integrative negotiations
as mutual responsiveness
as psychological reactance
as distributive negotiations
6. Decisions are by their very nature ___________.
individualistic
deliberate discourse
debatable
controversial
7. According to Thomas and Schmidt (1976), managers spend what amount of their time dealing directly with conflicts?
10 to 15 percent
50 to 60 percent
40 to 50 percent
20 to 25 percent
8. All of the following can be the basis for conflicts except:
difference in wants, needs, goals, and values
scarcities of certain resources
rivalry
negotiating
9. Without _________, group decisions may always be less than optimal.
attraction
competence
controversy
rebuttal
10. What are superordinate goals?
conflict over basic values occurring among individuals from different cultures
goals that cannot be easily ignored by members of two antagonistic groups but whose attainment is beyond the resources and efforts of either group alone.
seeing the motivation for the behavior of members of other groups in terms of personality factors rather than the dynamics of inter-group conflict
seeing every action of members of other groups as a move to dominate, create an advantage, or win.