Use the solubility rules from the lab 4 introduction and

Question

Use the solubility rules from the Lab 4 introduction and your knowledge of qualitative separation schemes from the lab to answer the following questions.

The qualitative analysis experiment you did is actually an abbreviated version of a much larger analysis scheme in which many different cations are separated and identified. Suppose a mixture contains Ag⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Mg²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺.(a) Which of the following ions could you separate, by causing them to precipitate, with the addition of HCl? (Hint: HCl is a source of chloride ions. Select all that apply.)

Ag+	K+	NH4+
Hg22+	Pb2+	Mg2+
Sr2+	Ba2+	Cu2+
Al3+	Fe3+

(b) Choose one of the cations above and write the balanced net precipitation reaction that occurs. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)

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Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl^- (aq)  →  AgCl (s)

(c) After the addition of HCl, the above sample is centrifuged and decanted. Which of the following cations remaining in the supernatant could you separate, by causing them to precipitate, with the addition of H₂SO₄? (Hint: H₂SO₄ is a source of sulfate ions. Select all that apply.)

Ag+	K+	NH4+
Hg22+	Pb2+	Mg2+
Sr2+	Ba2+	Cu2+
Al3+	Fe3+

(d) Choose one of the cations above and write the net precipitation reaction that occurs. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)

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Ba²⁺ (aq) + SO

2-

4

(aq)  →  BaSO₄ (s)

(e) After the addition of H₂SO₄, the above sample is centrifuged and decanted. Which of the following cations remaining in the supernatant could you separate, by causing them to precipitate, with the addition of H₂CO₃? (Hint: H₂CO₃ is a source of HCO₃^- and carbonate ions. Select all that apply.)

Ag+	K+	NH4+
Hg22+	Pb2+	Mg2+
Sr2+	Ba2+	Cu2+
Al3+	Fe3+

(f) Choose one of the cations above and write the net precipitation reaction that occurs. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Include states-of-matter under the given conditions in your answer.)