Question 1 : In the 5th century AD, children under the age of ______ were exempt from criminal liability.
5
7
9
11
Question 2 : The concept of refers to criminal intent, or the guilty mind ?
mew rea
actus reus
lex. talionis
infancy
Question 3 : The principle of later became central to the development of the juvenile court in America and today generally refers to the fact that the state (government) has ultimate parental authority over juveniles in need of protection or guidance ?
in loco parentis
lex talionis
parens patriae
mens rea
Question 4 : Under the concept of , institutional custodians acted as parental substitutes with far-reaching powers over their charges.
meris rea
in loco parentis
actus reus
wrens patriae
Question 5 : The perceived increase in the number of ______ offenses perpetrated by juveniles led many to ponder whether the juvenile court, originally established to protect and treat juveniles, is adequate to the task of dealing with modern-day offenders.
property
violent
cyber crime
drug
Question 6 : Which court decision made it clear that the legalists were on firm ground, but it did not deny the legitimacy of the casework approach?
In re Gault
Roper v. Simmons
Graham v. Florida
Miller v. Alabama
Question 7 : Which type of juvenile offenders would not even be considered in trouble if they were an adult?
delinquents
status offenders
adult offenders
dependent and neglected
Question 8 : While severe punishments for juvenile offenders gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles could not receive which penalties?
death penalty
lite in prison with parole
life in prison without parole
both death penalty and live in prison without parole
Question 9 : Restorative justice approaches, currently gaining momentum with juveniles, emphasize ______ philosophies, rather than the philosophy that has been popular for the last few years.
get lough, treatment
treatment, status offender
treatment, get tough
status offender, treatment
Question 10 : In deciding not to hear the Holmes case, the U.S. Supreme Court ______
reaffirmed the desirability of the juvenile courts informal procedures
confirmed that constitutional rights afforded to accused adults apply to juveniles
stated that the threshold for hearing juvenile cases was not met in this case
imposed formal procedures on the juvenile justice system
Question 11 : definitions of delinquency hold that only those who have been officially labeled by the courts aro offenders.
Behavioral
Legal
Standard
Federal
Question 12 : One of the most persistent roadblocks to juvenile justice reform across the country is
media reports of youth violence
societal belief in a punitive approach
definitions of delinquency
resistance to change
Question 13 : With respect to the minimum age at which children should be afforded court protection changed with the emergence of and ______ both of which may have serious prenatal effects.
crack, rriethampheila mine
heroin, prescription pills
controlled substances, case law
case law, runaway children
Question 14 : In general, researchers prefer a ______ definition of delinquency because it provides a more realistic picture of the extent and nature of offenders and victims.
legal
standard
federal
behavioral
Question 15 : A problem with legal definitions has been the ambiguity reflected with respect to:
gender.
age_
criffle definition.
behavior.
Question 16 : Many statics have encountered opposition to blanket laws to decriminalize ______ among underage youth because this would undermine the ability of police to intervene and exert their authority over the youth.
prostitution
status offenses
chug use
properly crimes
Question 17 : Numbers of children suffering from abuse and neglect remain in the United States.
low
moderately low
high
unchanged
Question 18 : isiare major error(s) with the VCR.
Underreporting
Overreporting
Definitional differences
Roth underreporting and definitional differences
Question 19 : as a source of crime data, are gathered by trained observers who ride with police offi cers.
NIBRS
NCVS
Self-reports
Police observational studies
Question 20 : Nearly 60% of child victims suffered from the most common form of child maltreatment.
physical abuse
neglect
sexual abuse
bullying