Indicate whether each of the following involves an upward or downward shift in the long-run average cost curve or, instead, involves a leftward or rightward movement along a given curve. Also indicate whether each will have an increasing, decreasing, or uncertain effect on the level of average cost.
1. A rise in wage rates.
2. A decline in output.
3. An energy-saving technical change.
4. A fall in interest rates.
5. An increase in learning or experience.