Problem: Paraphrase this information but leave the same bullet point format:
Internal Validity
Definition: The degree to which changes in the dependent variable are caused by the independent variable (truth inside the study). Need Assignment Help?
Threats:
History: Outside events during the study.
Maturation: Natural changes over time unrelated to intervention.
Testing: Repeated exposure to the same test inflates outcomes.
Instrumentation: Problems or changes in measurement system.
Procedural Infidelity: Intervention not implemented as planned.
Selection Bias: Participant differences at baseline or inclusion.
Multiple-Treatment Interference: Carryover from other interventions.
Data Instability: Variability or inconsistency in data trends.
Adaptation: Behavior shifts due to novelty of study conditions.
Design-Related Confounds: Flaws built into the research design.
External Validity
Definition: The extent to which results generalize to other people, settings, and behaviors (truth outside the study).
Factors that affect external validity:
Participant Characteristics: Are participants similar to the target population?
Context Characteristics: Was the setting typical or atypical?
Dependent Variables: Features of measurement that may limit generalization.
Intervention Features: How implementation style or components affect outcomes