Question 1 : The ________ hypothesis regarding crime argues that as a country undergoes economic development, its crime rate increases
slippery slope
globalization
modernization
transnational crime
Question 2 : Generally, the police forces of any given country are much more likely to be dealing with ___________ crime and much less likely, if ever, to be dealing with _________ crime.
transnational, international
international, transnational
national, global
organized, international
Question 3 : Offenses, whose inception, prevention, and/or direct or indirect effects involved more than one country is an example of:
international
transnational
global
world
Question 4 : The process used by criminals to convert funds acquired illegally into what appears to be legitimate income that can the used for legal purposes such as investment and purchase, is an example of:
bank fraud
drug trafficking
money laundering
Question 5 : The movement of mood altering substances from their points of origin to their points of consumption is an example of:
drug trafficking
drug laundering
drug distribution
corruption
Question 6 : Although not in itself a crime, buying a legal business may be deemed ________, if it is used a means for laundering money that may have been acquired illegally.
criminal
illegal
unethical
morally wrong
Question 7 : _______ crimes call for a great deal of ingenuity and versatility on the part of law enforcement in terms of learning,
investigation, and prevention.
sex
cyber
drug
victimless
Question 8 : Most victims of __________ theft are likely to be looking for recompense, and not criminal punishment, and therefore, not generally likely to involve police agencies.
identity
intellectual property
property
vehicle
Question 9 : ____________ may be localized or may operate transnationally.
drug trafficking
illegal arms sales
terrorism
identity theft
Question 10 : The illegal commandeering of ________ for the purpose of either demanding ransom payments or for making a political statement has been a feature of much of the late twentieth century.
watercraft
trains
subway cars
airplanes
Question 11 : __________ is an age-old offense, which is considered the first to result in multinational cooperative law enforcement efforts continues to exist in certain parts of the world, particularly in and around Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.
aircraft hijacking
sea piracy
terrorism
treason
Question 12 : ___________ is defined as the procurement of illegal entry of a person into a state of which the latter person is not a national with the objective of making a profit.
illegal immigration
prostitution
human smuggling
spying
Question 13 : Transnational ____________ crime is a fact of contemporary life.
drug
environmental
illegal arms
terrorism
Question 14 : Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing preoccupation with ____________ crime.
transnational
drug
gang
organized
Question 15 : The most discussed and least understood international police organization in the world is:
EUROPOL
CIA
INTERPOL
BATFE
Question 16 : The _________ by the police can be defined as occurring "any time the police attempt to have citizens act in a certain way."
brutality
use of force
authority
corruption
Question 17 : Incidents of police use of excessive force have included all except:
deliberate choking
beating civil rights protesters
handcuffing
deliberate kicking
Question 18 : The philosophy of __________ police officers in which the police subculture becomes a way of life can thus lead to police misconduct.
brother and sister
us vs. them
we have the power
I am the law
Question 19 : In the twentieth century, the United States Supreme Court, to protect citizens from governmental abuses from the states and their agents, extended the Bill of Rights to be applicable to the _____.
police
local governments
states
people
Question 20 : The police __________ is an extreme version of a phenomenon that exists in many human groups.
subculture
thin blue line
corruption
code of silence
Question 21 : Many people, specifically _________, believe that the police are often engaged in excessive and unnecessary physical force.
government officials
minority groups
older citizens
youth
Question 22 : Some forms of police brutality have also been referred to as _________.
the third degree
throwing the book at them
hazing
us vs. them
Question 23 : What made the King-beating incident significantly different from earlier alleged incidents of police brutality was that a private citizen __________ this incident.
videotaped
reported
helped officers in
helped King in
Question 24 : The police can trace their authority to use _______ back to the Common Law of England, which was developed during the Middle Ages.
less than lethal
force
deadly force
weapons
Question 25 : In 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the fleeing felon rule, which allowed police officers to use deadly force, i.e., to shoot to kill a suspect escaping from the scene of a crime. This historical case is:
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Tennessee v. Gardner
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
Question 26 : Dysfunctional behavior such as police violence comes about when looking at police brutality from a ___________ perspective.
conflict theorist
functionalist
interactionist
emergent theorist
Question 27 : The __________ perspective takes a critical stance and believes that the police represent the group that has power, prestige, and wealth in a given society.
interactionist
fundamentalist
conflict
democratic
Question 28 : From a ____________ perspective, a lot of attention would be devoted to considering the nature and meanings of acts that are defined as police brutality or excessive use of force.
conflict
interactionist
functionalist
classical
Question 29 : Based on a perceived increase in police violence, a ___________________ was established by the Israeli police in 1992.
civilian complaint board
commission of law enforcement abuse
zero tolerance policy
law prohibiting excessive force
Question 30 : One whose members, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the dominant group and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination is the definition of a:
subordinate group
subculture
parent group
dominant group
Question 31 : A __________ group is one that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.
suburbanite
sub
dominate
focus
Question 32 : __________ refers to an attitude that evaluates an individual member of a subordinate group negatively on the basis of certain negative characteristics that are associated with that group even if the individual does not conform to those expected characteristics.
racism
prejudice
racial profiling
ethnic bias
Question 33: One who harbors negative attitudes toward any particular subordinate group and will act negatively toward them can be referred to as a:
unprejudiced nondiscriminator
apartheid
prejudiced discriminator
subordinate group
Question 34 : The most common pattern, based on perceived biological differences such as skin color, complexion, hair color, and or eye color is referred to as _________.
racism
prejudiced discriminator
ethnic bias
sexism
Question 35 : Prejudice and discrimination that is based on cultural differences among groups, sometimes even if they are of the same race is the definition of:
racial profiling
ethnic bias
prejudice
discrimination
Question 36 : The pattern of prejudice and discrimination that negatively targets either the young or the elderly is known as:
discrimination
ethnic bias
apartheid
ageism
Question 37 : __________ is defined as a fairly rigid, oversimplified view or image of a particular social group that is then applied to individuals who belong to that group.
ageism
stereotyping
heterosexism
ethnic bias
Question 38 : A process by which members of subordinate groups are blamed for the problems and frustrations experienced by members of the dominant group is an example of:
scapegoating
stereotyping
ethnic bias
cultural diversity
Question 39 : Societies that are made up of more than one ethnic group are referred to as:
dominate societies
diverse societies
plural societies
multicultural societies
Question 40 : When women are treated less harshly than male suspects by the police and the criminal justice system given traditional gender expectations and notions of them being the "weaker sex", we are defining:
sexism
chivalry hypothesis
stereotyping
sexual bias
Question 41 : Conduct which the people of a group are considered so dangerous or embarrassing or irritating that they bring special sanctions to bear against the persons who exhibit it is an example of:
deviance
police misconduct
use of force
corruption
Question 42 : _____________ is when individuals who happen to be in the police force engage in activities that violate departmental policies, laws, and social norms and misuse the powers of their office.
corruption
occupational deviance
deviance
organizational deviance
Question 43 : _____________ has been coined by sociologists to encompass serious situations occurring within entire organization. This behavior includes police brutality and corruption.
occupational deviance
the slippery slope
organizational deviance
deviance
Question 44 : ___________ was a New York City police officer in the 1970s who fought against corruption.
Donnie Brasco
Frank Serpico
Joe Pistone
O.W. Wilson
Question 45 : The ________ requires that police officers look the other way when they observe their fellow officers involved in acts of deviance.
thin blue line
code of the streets
informal handbook
code of silence
Question 46 : ___________ can be explained as receiving money or some monetary gain for not performing a legal duty or responsibility by a police officer.
organizational deviance
corruption
occupational deviance
the slippery slope
Question 47 : In the late 1990s, the ________________ experienced a corruption scandal that made national and international headlines.
New York PD
Los Angeles PD
Chicago PD
Philadelphia PD
Question 48 : ____________ are payments in the form of money, goods, or services that a law enforcement agent receives for directing people, that he or she comes in contact with, toward a particular service provider.
kickbacks
payoffs
bribes
internal payoffs
Question 49 : In the approximately 160-year history of the NYPD a major corruption scandal seems to occur approximately every _____ years.
10
20
15
30
Question 50 : A grass eater is a officer who:
does not actively seek out gratuities
seeks out gratuities
takes complaints to internal affairs
refuses to accept gratuities