The national commercial bank has fifteen branches and

Question

1. Internal Control and End-User Computing The National Commercial Bank has fifteen branches and maintains a mainframe computer system at its cor- porate headquarters. National has recently undergone an examination by the state banking examiners, and the examiners have some concerns about National's computer operations.

During the last few years, each branch has pur- chased a number of microcomputers to communicate with the mainframe in the emulation mode. Emulation occurs when a microcomputer attaches to a mainframe computer and, with the use of the appropriate software, can act as if it is one of the mainframe terminals. The branch also uses these microcomputers to download information from the mainframe and, in the local mode, manipulate customer data to make banking decisions at the branch level. Each microcomputer is initially supplied with a word processing application package to formulate correspondence to the customers, a spreadsheet package to perform credit and financial loan analyses beyond the basic credit analysis package on the mainframe, and a database management package to formulate customer market and sensitivity informa- tion. National's centralized data processing depart- ment is responsible only for mainframe operations; microcomputer security is the responsibility of each branch.

Because the bank examiners believe National is at risk, they have advised the bank to review the recom- mendations suggested in a letter issued by banking reg- ulatory agencies in 2008. This letter emphasizes the risks associated with end-user operations and encourages banking management to establish sound control poli- cies. More specifically, microcomputer end-user opera- tions have outpaced the implementation of adequate controls and have taken processing control out of the centralized environment, introducing vulnerability in new areas of the bank.

The letter also emphasizes that the responsibility for corporate policies identifying management control practices for all areas of information processing activi- ties resides with the board of directors. The existence and adequacy of compliance with these policies and practices will be part of the regular banking examiners' review. The three required control groups for adequate information system security as they relate to National are (1) processing controls, (2) physical and environ- mental controls, and (3) spreadsheet program develop- ment controls.

Required:

For each of the three control groups listed

1. 1. Identify three types of controls for microcomputer end-user operations where National Commercial Bank might be at risk.

   2. Recommend a specific control procedure that Na- tional should implement for each type of control you identified. Use the following format for your answer.