Question 1: The design of most women's prisons is the:
A. telephone-pole design.
B. radial design.
C. tier design.
D. campus design.
Question 2: Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following:
A. useful employment of prisoners
B. separation of sexes
C. classification systems for inmates
D. All of these
Question 3: A management principle that holds a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates is known as:
A. chain of command.
B. span of control.
C. circle of control.
D. unity of command.
Question 4: If a shakedown were to occur in a prison, who would give the directive?
A. The warden
B. The governor
C. The captain of the guard
D. The shift lieutenant
Question 5: According to the authors, unionization of correctional officers has brought:
A. better pay for the services they provide.
B. a greater sense of job security.
C. a greater control over their work.
D. all of these.
Question 6: A range of punishments are given to inmates for disciplinary reasons when they are unruly. One such punishment is:
A. erasing good time credit
B. not feeding inmates
C. not allowing inmates to practice religion
D. not giving inmates bedding
Question 7: Over the past 40 years, federal courts, the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and affirmative action programs have dramatically changed the __________composition of the correctional officer force
A. psychological and emotional.
B. geographic.
C. age and size
D. racial and gender.
Question 8: Behavior that blurs the social distance between prison staff and inmates is known as:
A. crossing the line.
B. boundary violation.
C. abuse.
D. rule violation.
Question 9: A majority of inmates under correctional authority have a history of ________problems.
A. mental health
B. diabetic
C. HIV/AIDS
D. All of these
Question 10: Classification may occur at which of the following stages?
A. During transfer to another institution
B. In preparation for release
C. After an inmate encounters problems
D. All of these
Question 11: Tool counts, searches, and detailed accounting of materials are all critical to:
A. building maintenance.
B. good behavior.
C. security.
D. time management.
Question 12: People's problems decline when they behave more responsibly. This is a core tenet of:
A. group therapy.
B. brief therapy.
C. transactional therapy.
D. reality therapy.
Question 13: Educational programs in prison do not include:
A. GED classes.
B. college classes.
C. federal funding for post-secondary education.
D. all of these are included in prison educational programs.
Question 14: Classification committees often revert to stereotypes rather than diagnostic criteria in assignment inmates. They often recognize which of the following stereotypes:
A. members of racial gangs.
B. members of ethnic gangs.
C. predators who demand things.
D. all of these.
Question 15: Recreational programs have two primary purposes. They include socialization and _________.
A. religion
B. gang membership
C. self-image enhancement
D. drug trade
Question 16: According to Quinlan, the most important ingredient in managing a safe & secure institution is:
A. to keep inmates in treatment.
B. to keep inmates working
C. to keep inmates productively occupied.
D. all of these
Question 17: Treatment assignments for which prisoners in maximum security facilities are not eligible include:
A. religion
B. exercise
C. work release
D. cognitive therapy
Question 18: The most extraordinary health problem in contemporary corrections often based on mandatory sentencing, determinate sentencing and truth in sentencing is:
A. HIV/AIDS.
B. mental illness.
C. aging.
D. substance abuse.
Question 19: __________ has been described as a "transient state between liberty and recommitment.
A. Incarceration
B. Parole
C. Reentry
D. Revocation
Question 20: Discretionary release places great faith in the ability of the parole board members to:
A. link inmate treatment with the level of custody.
B. predict future offender behavior.
C. assess readiness for permanent release to community.
D. all of these.
Question 21: In the __________, there is a parole board, an independent decision-making authority that is organizationally close enough to the department to be sensitive to institutional and correctional needs.
A. multifunctional model
B. autonomous model
C. consolidated model
D. independent model
Question 22: Which of the following is an impact of release mechanisms?
A. They can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.
B. They encourage plea-bargaining.
C. They mitigate the harshness of the penal code.
D. All of these.
Question 23: The goal of community corrections is to prepare offenders for reentry into society gradually through the:
A. rehabilitative model
B. retributive model
C. reintegration model
D. reinforcement model
Question 24: Inmates who are released from any further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense have been given.
A. conditional releases
B. expiration releases
C. mandatory releases
D. none of these
Question 25: A correctional officer's ability to do their job is impacted by prison overcrowding in what ways?
A. increased potential for violence
B. strain on staff morale
C. limited ability to run programs
D. all of these
Question 26: Methods of dealing with prison crowding include:
A. reducing prison populations.
B. implementing more intermediate sanctions.
C. doing nothing.
D. all of these.
Question 27: Indeterminate sanctions include community service, restitution, fines, boot camp, home confinement and _________________.
A. intensive probation supervision
B. Rehabilitation
C. Restoration
D. Psychotherapy
Question 28: Some people believe _______________factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed by the criminal justice system.
A. biological
B. physiological
C. sociobiological
D. sociological
Question 29: According to the author, until the mid-1700s criminal punishment in Europe and American colonies focused on the offender's body. It also focused on which of the following:
A. mutilation
B. whipping
C. dismemberment
D. all of these
Question 30: An innovative neighborhood-based approach for reducing crime and increasing public safety is:
A. restorative justice.
B. community justice.
C. community surveillance.
D. broken windows theory.
Question 31: As a philosophy, community justice is based on the pursuit of justice that goes beyond the three traditional tasks which are:
A. apprehension
B. conviction
C. punishment
D. all of these
Question 32: __________ seeks to re-establish victim, offender, and community to a level of functioning that existed before the criminal event.
A. Community justice
B. Restorative function
C. Community surveillance
D. Restorative justice
Question 33: The community justice strategy of __________ seeks to change places where crime occurs.
A. restorative justice
B. community policing
C. environmental crime prevention
D. all of these
Question 34: While traditional justice focuses on processing cases, community justice:
A. is based in a state or local jurisdiction.
B. focuses on solving crime problems.
C. seeks to punish offenders.
D. none of the above.
Question 35: Which of the following is an argument against community justice?
A. impingement on individual rights
B. social inequality
C. increasing costs
D. all of these
Question 36: When a neighborhood is plagued by arrests, incarceration, joblessness, crime, and poverty, it is an example of a phenomenon known as:
A. concentrated space.
B. determined space.
C. spatial concentration.
D. spatial application.
Question 37: Environmental crime prevention specialists work to change:
A. the places crime tends to occur.
B. the crimes that tend to occur.
C. common patrols routes.
D. the manner of police dispatch.
Question 38: Research has shown, when compared with traditional criminal justice, restorative justice programs result in greater _________for both victims and offenders.
A. fairness
B. satisfaction
C. frustration
D. disappointment
Question 39: Traditional criminal justice is:
A. proactive.
B. reactive.
C. inactive.
D. active.
Question 40: _________________is mutual trust among neighbors combined with the willingness to intervene for the common good.
A. collective efficacy
B. community policing
C. proactive policing
D. spatial concentration
Question 41: The number of people under correctional control currently totals over:
A. 2 million.
B. 4 million.
C. 7 million.
D. 9 million.
Question 42: Most of those in charge of today's corrections system would argue what we are doing is:
A. effective.
B. self-destructive.
C. fair.
D. reasonable.
Question 43: In the 1960s, most people agreed the primary mission of corrections was:
A. retribution.
B. rehabilitation.
C. incapacitation.
D. deterrence.
Question 44: A structural problem with corrections is the system depends on significant factors:
A. outside of its control.
B. that conflict with one another.
C. that cannot be administered fairly.
D. outside budget capabilities.
Question 45: A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
A. mission clarity.
B. partnerships.
C. restructuring.
D. method clarity.
Question 46: Corrections' main resource is:
A. money.
B. power.
C. personnel.
D. law.
Question 47: One example of techno-corrections is:
A. electronic monitoring
B. guard tower controls
C. probation officer
D. work-release centers
Question 48: "The Iron Law of Prison Populations" refers to the size of a prison population determined by the number of people who are sent to prison and ___________.
A. their gender
B. their length of stay
C. their classification
D. their age
Question 49: According to the author, Most correctional administrators find their greatest frustrations lie in:
A. budgetary constraints.
B. legal constraints.
C. lack of interagency partnerships.
D. lack of a clear mission.
Question 50: Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
A. nearly twice as short.
B. nearly twice as long.
C. nearly identical.
D. incomparable.