Changes in the money supply
The following graph represents the money market in a hypothetical economy. As in the United States, this economy has a central bank called the Fed, but unlike in the United States, the economy is closed (that is, the economy does not interact with other economies in the world). The money market is currently in equilibrium at an interest rate of 5% and a quantity of money equal to $0.4 trillion, as indicated by the grey star.
New MS CurveNew Equilibrium00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.87.06.56.05.55.04.54.03.53.0INTEREST RATE (Percent)MONEY (Trillions of dollars)Money SupplyMoney Demand
Suppose the Fed announces that it is lowering its target interest rate by 25 basis points, or 0.25 percentage point. To do this, the Fed will use open-market operations to the money by the public.
Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the previous graph to illustrate the effects of this policy by placing the new money supply curve (MS) in the correct location. Place the black point (plus symbol) at the new equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money.
Suppose the following graph shows the aggregate demand curve for this economy. The Fed's policy of targeting a lower interest rate will the cost of borrowing, causing residential and business investment spending to and the quantity of output demanded to at each price level.
Shift the curve on the graph to show the general impact of the Fed's new interest rate target on aggregate demand.
Aggregate Demand PRICE LEVEL OUTPUT Aggregate Demand